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Acid Mine Drainage
Acid Mine Drainage, commonly referred to as AMD, is a pervasive problem in many areas of the world. AMD is formed when certain sulfide-containing minerals are exposed to oxygen and water. Nitrogen is essential to life because it is a key component of proteins and nucleic acids. The cycling of nitrogen among its many forms is a complex process that involves numerous types of bacteria and environmental conditions. Coliform bacteria have long been used as indicators of possible water pollution by intestinal parasites and pathogens. Evapotranspiration (ET) is the loss of water to the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration by plants and the data is critical in determining water balances necessary to maintaining a variety of ecosystems, such as wetlands and reservoirs. Monitoring the yearly evolution of temperature stratification is a critical component in many lake management and research programs due to its pronounced effects on aquatic chemistry and biology.
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Air Quality