{"id":16618,"date":"2014-02-03T14:42:42","date_gmt":"2014-02-03T18:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=16618"},"modified":"2021-11-10T16:43:03","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T20:43:03","slug":"data-buoys-show-lake-lacawac-northeast-lakes-respond-extreme-weather","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/data-buoys-show-lake-lacawac-northeast-lakes-respond-extreme-weather.htm","title":{"rendered":"Data buoys show how Lake Lacawac and other Northeast lakes respond to extreme weather"},"content":{"rendered":"

As Cyclone Irene passed over Lake Lacawac in August 2011, the water swirled as the force of wind and rain accelerated normal late-summer mixing by about a month. Other lakes in the storm\u2019s path saw similar or greater abrupt mixing, but Lacawac was shielded by its unique geography.<\/p>\n

A pristine glacial lake in the Pocono Mountains, \u201cLacawac was at the small end of the spectrum because it has a small watershed. Its thermal layers were changed by the storm, but it recovered fairly quickly,\u201d said Bruce Hargreaves, associate professor of earth and environmental sciences at Lehigh University and manager of a monitoring platform on Lake Lacawac.<\/p>\n

Lake Lacawac is part of the Global Lake Ecological Observatory Network and has supported lake instrument research for many years, according to Hargreaves. Through a GLEON collaboration, data collected on Lake Lacawac during Irene were combined with findings from eight other North American lakes in a rare large-scale analysis of high frequency, automated lake data to determine the immediate impacts of an extreme storm.<\/p>\n

\u201cNo one site can provide data that explain the storm\u2019s impact,\u201d said Hargreaves.<\/p>\n

The massive data set in this study shows the role a lake\u2019s watershed plays in the impacts it feels. It also shows the the importance of lake metabolism, which the scientists estimated by measuring the balance between oxygen production and consumption with automated sensors.<\/p>\n

On Lake Lacawac, a raft supports a solar-powered sensor suite, complete with weather station, wind sensor and tipping bucket rain gauge. Radiation sensors track sunlight levels. A thermistor chain tracks water temperatures at different depths. A vented water pressure sensor records variations in the lake\u2019s water storage and is used to estimate runoff from the watershed by comparison with measured or calculated rain, stream outflow, and evaporation rates.<\/p>\n

Other lakes in the study had similar automated sensors on buoys or rafts. On the seven lakes with oxygen sensors, calculations of lake metabolism showed that the balance between production and consumption had been decoupled by the storm.<\/p>\n

\"The

The Lake Lacawac monitoring platform (Credit: Bruce Hargreaves)<\/p><\/div>\n

This change was explained by the expected influx of organic matter and sediment carried by storm runoff. The influx of organic matter increased the consumption reduced production. The effect was especially pronounced on Connecticut\u2019s Lake Lillinonah, said Jennifer Klug, associate professor of biology at Fairfield University and lead author of the study. She manages a station on Lillinonah with a non-profit group called Friends of the Lake.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe change in (metabolic) stability in Lillinonah was incredibly dramatic,\u201d said Klug. \u201cWe saw basically a wall of water come down the river and into the lake.\u201d<\/p>\n

The researchers learned that the key to understanding how much each lake\u2019s thermal structure was disrupted by this storm was watershed size relative to the size and depth of a lake. They coined a new term, the \u201cpotential volume replacement\u201d of a lake, to describe just how much of a lake\u2019s stored water could be swept away by rain falling into a lake and onto its surrounding watershed.<\/p>\n

\u201cBigger lakes and lakes closer to the storm path had more exposure to wind, and bigger watersheds brought in more runoff, so together these explain the extent of mixing,\u201d said Hargreaves. Lake Lacawac is a small lake with a small watershed so mixing impact was reduced.<\/p>\n

Lake and reservoir managers cannot control the path of a storm, but this study shows that lakes and reservoirs with large ratios of watershed area to lake volume are most at risk for changes to metabolism and thermal mixing from large storms.<\/p>\n

\"Lake

Lake Lacawac (Credit: Lehigh University)<\/p><\/div>\n

Lacawac will continue to benefit from its surrounding landscape when extreme storms hit in the future, and its researchers will be better prepared to monitor their impacts. Hargreaves added a miniDOT oxygen logger to his monitoring platform in June, a gift from Precision Measurement Engineering, Inc.<\/p>\n

For the past two years, Lacawac has also been the test site of a new auto-profiling buoy designed by Hargreaves and his colleague Craig Williamson of Miami University to study climate change in lakes. It\u2019s managed by Williamson\u2019s graduate student Jennifer Brentrup with help from Lesley Knoll, director of Science and Education for Lacawac Sanctuary.<\/p>\n

The sanctuary also received a significant grant from the National Science Foundation for a new science lab that will support ongoing research into advanced instrumentation and climate change.<\/p>\n

Top image:\u00a0The Lake Lacawac monitoring platform (Credit: Bruce Hargreaves)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Monitoring platforms on Lake Lacawac and other Northeast waterbodies are helping scientists see how lakes respond to extreme weather.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":16621,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32],"tags":[60,217,346,153],"class_list":["post-16618","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lakes-reservoirs","tag-featured","tag-gleon","tag-lakes-reservoirs","tag-weather"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"\nData buoys show how Lake Lacawac and other Northeast lakes respond to extreme weather<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Monitoring platforms on Lake Lacawac and other Northeast waterbodies are helping scientists see how lakes respond to extreme weather.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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