{"id":26528,"date":"2016-08-26T17:05:46","date_gmt":"2016-08-26T21:05:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=26528"},"modified":"2021-11-10T16:38:39","modified_gmt":"2021-11-10T20:38:39","slug":"modeling-lake-eries-40-percent-phosphorus-reduction-target","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-lake-eries-40-percent-phosphorus-reduction-target.htm","title":{"rendered":"Modeling Lake Erie\u2019s 40 Percent Phosphorus Reduction Target"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Results of new modeling research led in part by the Nature Conservancy and Ohio Sea Grant outline some of the steps that will be needed to reduce phosphorus entering Lake Erie by 40 percent. The findings underscore some difficulties, as well as positive effects that could be achieved for fish in streams flowing into the lake\u2019s western basin.<\/p>\n<p>The Western Lake Erie Basin Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP) was in the making for around three to five years, says Amy Brennan, Lake Erie conservation director with the Conservancy. She detailed the project\u2019s findings during a meeting of Great Lakes reporters hosted by Ohio State University\u2019s Stone Laboratory on Lake Erie\u2019s Gibraltar Island.<\/p>\n<p>The CEAP sought to answer a few questions. One, what is it going to cost to reach the reduction goal? Also, how are streams in the region going to improve as work is done? And where does work need to be undertaken to both help fish and wildlife in streams while at the same time benefiting Lake Erie downstream?<\/p>\n<p>Thanks to the folks at Heidelberg University\u2019s National Center for Water Quality Research, Brennan says that the effort had plenty of stream nutrient data to begin.  <\/p>\n<p>\u201cFirst we had to look at where all those nutrients are coming from,\u201d said Brennan. We used the data and extrapolated based on soil type and based on watershed characteristics. We were able to extrapolate some of that into areas where we didn\u2019t have detailed monitoring to know exactly what was going on.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The team looked at things like total nitrogen, total phosphorus and suspended sediment concentrations. Another important consideration, which hadn\u2019t alway been considered in the past, included what was coming out of tile drains. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cBecause 10 years ago, 15 years ago, we thought it was all just what was flowing off the top of the land, that the soil filtered all that through and that we weren\u2019t having any of these nutrients coming out of the tile,\u201d said Brennan. \u201cWell now we know we\u2019re getting about half the phosphorus coming out of that tile. So that was something that we had to do a lot of calibrations throughout the modeling activity to make sure that was getting accurately reflected.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>She and others then simulated the impacts of different erosion treatment options, like filter strips, cover crops or buffers to see how they\u2019d affect the model. Nutrient management practices like fertilizer type or application rates were also considered. The group assessed how the practices would impact streams of most concern to those that were relatively in better shape.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_26526\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-26526\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/amy_brennan.jpg\" alt=\"lake erie 40 percent reduction phosphorus\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-26526\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/amy_brennan.jpg 600w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/amy_brennan-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-26526\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amy Brennan, Lake Erie conservation director at the Nature Conservancy, discusses what it may take to reach a 40 percent phosphorus reduction target set for Lake Erie. (Credit: Nate Christopher \/ Fondriest Environmental)<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Brennan called the worst of these \u201chotspots\u201d and the next worst the \u201clukewarm\u201d areas. Investigators considered the effects of treating just the hotspots; treating both hotspots and lukewarm regions; and lastly treating the whole Western Lake Erie Basin, which is a vast 5.2 million acres in size. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe get a lot of improvement when we start doing nutrient management,\u201d said Brennan. \u201cAnd I had a farmer on Monday tell me, \u2018I want my phosphorus in my field. I don\u2019t want it in Lake Erie.\u2019 So it\u2019s nice because the nutrient management meets the farmer\u2019s goals as well.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>When it comes to total phosphorus, even if treatment is only done on the smallest number of acres, the hotspots, scientists found that we\u2019re getting nowhere close to a 40 percent reduction. By ramping that up to include lukewarm areas, the target still gets missed. But if the entire basin gets addressed, the most unlikely scenario, the target can be reached.<\/p>\n<p>The picture with dissolved reactive phosphorus is a bit different.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re looking at so much dissolved reactive phosphorus that we\u2019re not sure we can get there just by doing these practices, period. Whether &#8212; again, we\u2019re seeing that big difference especially with dissolved reactive phosphorus,\u201d said Brennan. \u201cIf we\u2019re putting that fertilizer down the way it should go down, we\u2019re putting the right amount, we can make an impact. But we may still not hit that 40 percent.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>Further complicating things is the hefty price tag that it would take to cover all of the treatments needed. Brennan says that $260 million every year would be required to pay for farm bill programs, contributions from farmers, staff time, etc., to get it done. The number is simply too high. And if focus were to go on just the hotspots, that would still require around $8 million.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat we got from this analysis is that nutrient management is critically important,\u201d said Brennan, segueing into an update on the Nature Conservancy\u2019s 4R Nutrient Stewardship Certification Program that aims to encourage agricultural retailers and service providers to adopt best practices to improve long-term water quality of Lake Erie. The four Rs are: Right Source of Nutrients at the Right Rate and Right Time in the Right Place.<\/p>\n<p>The program is just three years old, but has seen a great deal of success. At this point, Brennan says the Conservancy only expected around 20 percent of farmers in the Western Lake Erie Basin to be working with certified retailers. The number, instead, is around 40 percent. Its goal is 80 percent participation. <\/p>\n<p>It has been so successful that folks in other states are taking a look at implementing it. These include Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky and Michigan. Some are also looking at using it in southern Ohio, whose runoff has implications for the Ohio River, Mississippi River and ultimately the Gulf of Mexico dead zone.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis program has taken off because, again, I think it makes sense for the farmers\u2019 bottom line,\u201d said Brennan. \u201cThey don\u2019t want to fertilize Lake Erie. Neither do we.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>But what about the fish? Brennan says that management strategies meant to help Lake Erie can also result in better stream quality for fish. <\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think it was a little bit surprising to us that the Sandusky (River) really jumped out at us as some place that if you can be able to reduce the nutrient loading by 20 to 30 percent, maybe not even getting all the way to hitting that 40 percent, you\u2019re going to see a big change in those streams getting higher quality,\u201d said Brennan, noting much of the data for that portion of the work came from the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality. \u201cSame thing in the St. Marys \u2026 and up in the River Raisin.\u201d <\/p>\n<p>A full report on the Western Lake Erie Basin Conservation Effects Assessment Project is still being compiled. Partners in the work include the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Agricultural Research Service, Ohio Sea Grant, Ohio State University and Texas A&#038;M University. <\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Top image: Algal bloom in Lake Erie, July 22, 2011. (Credit: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A modeling effort led partly by the Nature Conservancy assesses what needs to be done to achieve a 40 percent reduction in Lake Erie phosphorus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":26527,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,32],"tags":[308,60,125,181,346,472,109,277,343],"class_list":["post-26528","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured-articles","category-lakes-reservoirs","tag-algae","tag-featured","tag-great-lakes","tag-lake-erie","tag-lakes-reservoirs","tag-nature-conservancy","tag-news-ticker","tag-phosphorus","tag-stone-lab"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Modeling Lake Erie\u2019s 40 Percent Phosphorus Reduction Target<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A modeling effort led partly by the Nature Conservancy assesses what needs to be done to achieve a 40 percent reduction in Lake Erie phosphorus.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-lake-eries-40-percent-phosphorus-reduction-target.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Modeling Lake Erie\u2019s 40 Percent Phosphorus Reduction Target\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A modeling effort led partly by the Nature Conservancy assesses what needs to be done to achieve a 40 percent reduction in Lake Erie phosphorus.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-lake-eries-40-percent-phosphorus-reduction-target.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Environmental Monitor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2016-08-26T21:05:46+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-10T20:38:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/08\/erie_algae02.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"679\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Daniel Kelly\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Daniel Kelly\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-lake-eries-40-percent-phosphorus-reduction-target.htm#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-lake-eries-40-percent-phosphorus-reduction-target.htm\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Daniel Kelly\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/847643ff7cab0510299c8b13d204eac7\"},\"headline\":\"Modeling Lake Erie\u2019s 40 Percent Phosphorus Reduction Target\",\"datePublished\":\"2016-08-26T21:05:46+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-10T20:38:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-lake-eries-40-percent-phosphorus-reduction-target.htm\"},\"wordCount\":1174,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-lake-eries-40-percent-phosphorus-reduction-target.htm#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.fondriest.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2016\\\/08\\\/erie_algae02.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"algae\",\"featured\",\"Great Lakes\",\"Lake Erie\",\"Lakes &amp; 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