{"id":28372,"date":"2018-01-30T11:15:19","date_gmt":"2018-01-30T15:15:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=28372"},"modified":"2024-12-27T17:20:38","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T21:20:38","slug":"modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm","title":{"rendered":"Modeling Wastewater Injection Effects to Better Understand All Seismic Activity"},"content":{"rendered":"

Earthquakes may appear to be squarely within the realm of the natural, but humans are now inducing earthquakes.<\/span> Between 1973 and 2008<\/span><\/a>, 21 earthquakes with magnitudes of three or more happened on average every year in the eastern and central United States. However, in 2014 that number jumped to more than 600, and in 2015 there were more than 1,000.<\/span><\/p>\n

Wastewater disposal is the primary cause<\/span><\/a> of this recent uptick in seismic activity, with most disposed wastewater produced during the extraction of oil and gas. Leftover hydraulic fracturing fluid comprises a smaller component of the total. While the actual hydraulic fracturing, or \u201cfracking\u201d process, which involves the injection of fluid into beds of shale deep underground, can trigger seismic activity,<\/span> according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS)<\/span><\/a>, it is the subsequent disposal of wastewater that most commonly triggers such activity.<\/span><\/p>\n

New research presented by Caltech seismologist Jean Paul Ampuero includes a model that determines the magnitudes of earthquakes that wastewater injection could trigger.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cInduced seismicity is a hot topic in seismology in recent years,\u201d Ampuero explains. \u201cBecause of man-made earthquakes, there are now more earthquakes per year in the central US than in California. Industry and communities are naturally worried about the hazard caused by these quakes, especially by the question of whether or not a big one can be triggered by human activities. Researchers and operators are trying to figure out how to keep induced seismicity under control.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

This work has the potential to offer insight into not only induced earthquakes, but also natural seismic activity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMy motivation to work on this topic grew up enormously when I realized two things,\u201d Ampuero details. \u201cFirst, induced seismicity is slowing the development of an important source of renewable energy: enhanced geothermal systems, which require fracturing deep rocks by fluid injection. Second, for those researchers who (like me) have been traditionally focused on the physics of natural earthquakes, induced earthquakes can be treated like an almost-controlled, large-scale experiment. For earthquakes known to be induced by a specific human activity, we can hope to find out how the earthquake started and why it stopped, and thus understand something about earthquakes in general. Earthquake physicists cannot otherwise experiment with the Earth like laboratory physicists do with other phenomena.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"wastewater

Processes that can induce seismicity. (Credit: USGS, https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/research\/induced\/myths.php)<\/p><\/div>\n

Model reveals impact beyond fluid pressure<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

This is not the first attempt to describe the way that wastewater injection might trigger seismic activity. However, previous discussions of the problem suggested that any induced activity would be proportional to the volume of the injected fluid. This new research found that this overlooks an important factor: earthquakes can stretch past the region affected by fluid pressure.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThe specific approach we took in this study fills a gap,\u201d comments Ampuero. \u201cWe felt that the results of more than 30 years of research in the field of earthquake dynamics had not been properly incorporated in our thinking about induced earthquakes. So, we extended our previous work on fracture dynamics to the context of injection-induced seismicity.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The team combined dynamic earthquake ruptures simulated by computers and theory to produce a model that revealed that injection-induced earthquake size depends on both the energy stored by nearby faults, as well as the volume of fluid injected. Therefore, the model predicts the maximum possible magnitude of induced seismic events by quantifying the distance that earthquakes can move past any given injection site. In other words, while the model doesn’t offer a specific prediction, it provides the high limits of possible magnitude.<\/span><\/p>\n

Insight into natural seismic activity<\/span><\/h3>\n

This new model also provides scientists with a framework for approaching natural earthquakes, offering added insight into their causes, and possible prevention. Both natural and induced seismicity can originate in small regions of the earth’s crust that are packed with concentrated energy; their ultimate size and impact is partially dependent upon how much energy is stored in surrounding regions.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNatural earthquakes often start in areas of high stress left at the edge of the rupture of a previous earthquake, or at the edge of a ‘creeping section’ of the fault that slips steadily and silently,\u201d Ampuero elucidates. \u201cThese earthquakes then grow but, if they do not find enough energy stored in the rest of the fault, they do not break the whole fault. This is our interpretation of what happened, for example, in the 2015 Gorkha, Nepal earthquake (magnitude 7.8): it only broke a deep portion of the Main Himalayan Thrust fault. The damage would have been even worse in Kathmandu had the rupture reached all the way up to the surface. This situation is common to our models of induced and natural earthquakes. Understanding better how earthquakes start and stop can help us understand when a fault is ready to generate its largest possible earthquake.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

This kind of insight will be critical to preventing future disasters, whether natural or human-made.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhat may sound surprising is the fact that earthquakes can be triggered by relatively small stress changes of a few kPa\u2014very small compared to the typical few MPa stress drops during earthquakes,\u201d Ampuero clarifies. \u201cThere is a notion, rooted on crustal stress measurements and other geophysical observations, that the Earth’s crust is ‘critically stressed,’ on the verge of failure everywhere, implying that small perturbations can lead to large effects. A challenge is to probe how close a certain region is to its ‘critical point’ without inducing a large earthquake in the process.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"wastewater

Cumulative number of M \u2265 2.7 earthquakes in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) and five select zones of induced seismicity since 1980. (Credit: USGS, https:\/\/earthquake.usgs.gov\/research\/induced\/hazards.php)<\/p><\/div>\n

In the meantime, the previous literature as well as this research places the blame for induced earthquakes squarely upon wastewater disposal, not fracking. Does all of this mean that fracking itself is safe from a seismic standpoint? Not exactly.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWhile the fracking itself has not induced sensible earthquakes in the US (it has in Canada), its\u00a0<\/span>wastewater disposal does,\u201d Ampuero explains. \u201cIt is impractical to clean this wastewater, that’s why it is disposed of by injecting it back into deeper Earth layers. It is thus ‘collateral damage’ arising from fracking.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The research also points toward what comes next: a more meaningful solution for wastewater disposal than simply injecting it back into the Earth.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOur work sheds light into why injecting small volumes very fast (fracking) is less dangerous than injecting large volumes steadily (wastewater disposal),\u201d Ampuero states. \u201cUnderstanding the conditions that trigger large earthquakes may help us avoid them, in this case by designing modified wastewater disposal procedures (future work).\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOur work is a starting point for a better integration of fracture dynamics into induced seismicity<\/span><\/p>\n

research,\u201d adds Ampuero. \u201cWe have just scratched the surface of the problem, and we are now extending our work to relax some strong assumptions that were necessary to make initial progress.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Top image: Wastewater injected in an underground reservoir layer crossed by a fault triggers an earthquake. The earthquake rupture grows larger than the zone pressurized by water injection. (Credit: Galis et al., and Thomas Willard\/Caltech Graphic Resources)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Research has generated a model for predicting the magnitude of seismic activity triggered by wastewater injection\u2014a report on a natural seismic experiment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":28376,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23,5],"tags":[553,345,133,552],"class_list":["post-28372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-earth-atmosphere","category-featured-articles","tag-caltech","tag-earth-atmosphere","tag-fracking","tag-seismology"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"\nModeling Wastewater Injection Effects to Better Understand All Seismic Activity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Research has generated a model for predicting the magnitude of seismic activity triggered by wastewater injection\u2014a report on a natural seismic experiment.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Modeling Wastewater Injection Effects to Better Understand All Seismic Activity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Research has generated a model for predicting the magnitude of seismic activity triggered by wastewater injection\u2014a report on a natural seismic experiment.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Environmental Monitor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-01-30T15:15:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-27T21:20:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/seismic_injection_rupture.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"931\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Karla Lant\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Karla Lant\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Karla Lant\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b\"},\"headline\":\"Modeling Wastewater Injection Effects to Better Understand All Seismic Activity\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-01-30T15:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-27T21:20:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm\"},\"wordCount\":1206,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.fondriest.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/seismic_injection_rupture.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Caltech\",\"Earth & Atmosphere\",\"fracking\",\"seismology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Earth & Atmosphere\",\"Featured Articles\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm\",\"name\":\"Modeling Wastewater Injection Effects to Better Understand All Seismic Activity\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.fondriest.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/seismic_injection_rupture.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-01-30T15:15:19+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-27T21:20:38+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b\"},\"description\":\"Research has generated a model for predicting the magnitude of seismic activity triggered by wastewater injection\u2014a report on a natural seismic experiment.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.fondriest.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/seismic_injection_rupture.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.fondriest.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/01\\\/seismic_injection_rupture.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":931,\"caption\":\"Wastewater injected in an underground reservoir layer crossed by a fault triggers an earthquake. The earthquake rupture grows larger than the zone pressurized by water injection. (Credit: Galis et al., and Thomas Willard\\\/Caltech Graphic Resources)\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/\",\"name\":\"Environmental Monitor\",\"description\":\"Application and technology news for environmental professionals\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b\",\"name\":\"Karla Lant\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Karla Lant\"},\"description\":\"Karla Lant is a professional freelance science writer and a member of the Society of Environmental Journalists. She also covers other scientific and medical stories as well as technology.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/author\\\/karlalant\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Modeling Wastewater Injection Effects to Better Understand All Seismic Activity","description":"Research has generated a model for predicting the magnitude of seismic activity triggered by wastewater injection\u2014a report on a natural seismic experiment.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Modeling Wastewater Injection Effects to Better Understand All Seismic Activity","og_description":"Research has generated a model for predicting the magnitude of seismic activity triggered by wastewater injection\u2014a report on a natural seismic experiment.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm","og_site_name":"Environmental Monitor","article_published_time":"2018-01-30T15:15:19+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-12-27T21:20:38+00:00","og_image":[{"width":720,"height":931,"url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/seismic_injection_rupture.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Karla Lant","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Karla Lant","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm"},"author":{"name":"Karla Lant","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b"},"headline":"Modeling Wastewater Injection Effects to Better Understand All Seismic Activity","datePublished":"2018-01-30T15:15:19+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-27T21:20:38+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm"},"wordCount":1206,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/seismic_injection_rupture.jpg","keywords":["Caltech","Earth & Atmosphere","fracking","seismology"],"articleSection":["Earth & Atmosphere","Featured Articles"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm","url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm","name":"Modeling Wastewater Injection Effects to Better Understand All Seismic Activity","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/seismic_injection_rupture.jpg","datePublished":"2018-01-30T15:15:19+00:00","dateModified":"2024-12-27T21:20:38+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b"},"description":"Research has generated a model for predicting the magnitude of seismic activity triggered by wastewater injection\u2014a report on a natural seismic experiment.","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/modeling-wastewater-injection-effects-better-understand-seismic-activity.htm#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/seismic_injection_rupture.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/seismic_injection_rupture.jpg","width":720,"height":931,"caption":"Wastewater injected in an underground reservoir layer crossed by a fault triggers an earthquake. The earthquake rupture grows larger than the zone pressurized by water injection. (Credit: Galis et al., and Thomas Willard\/Caltech Graphic Resources)"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/","name":"Environmental Monitor","description":"Application and technology news for environmental professionals","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b","name":"Karla Lant","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Karla Lant"},"description":"Karla Lant is a professional freelance science writer and a member of the Society of Environmental Journalists. She also covers other scientific and medical stories as well as technology.","url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/author\/karlalant"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28372"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39053,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28372\/revisions\/39053"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}