{"id":28480,"date":"2018-02-08T11:00:30","date_gmt":"2018-02-08T15:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=28480"},"modified":"2024-11-05T09:15:15","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T13:15:15","slug":"estuarine-invaders-environmental-monitoring-tracks-lake-superior-nerr-non-native-species-surveils-water-quality","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/estuarine-invaders-environmental-monitoring-tracks-lake-superior-nerr-non-native-species-surveils-water-quality.htm","title":{"rendered":"Estuarine Invaders: Environmental Monitoring Tracks Lake Superior NERR Non-Native Species, Surveils Water Quality"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hannah Ramage and the St. Louis River go back several years. \u201cI went to University of Minnesota at Duluth for my master\u2019s degree, where I did research on the St. Louis River estuary,\u201d says Ramage, now the Monitoring Coordinator for Lake Superior National Estuarine Research Reserve (NERR). \u201cWorking here was a great opportunity to keep doing the research that I loved doing,\u201d she says. \u201cI\u2019ve always been drawn to this NERR system.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Lake Superior NERR research consists of many pieces. Abiotic monitoring is performed, which includes continuous water monitoring and meteorological monitoring. Water quality monitoring is done at several stations chosen to reflect a continuum of lake to river water influence. The Lake Superior NERR is situated on a freshwater estuary where the St. Louis River meets Lake Superior. Monitoring is done using YSI EXO2<\/a> sondes now, but prior to that YSI 6600 series sondes were used. \u201cSondes are deployed for up to one month,\u201d says Ramage. \u201cThey are also calibrated monthly.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

In addition to the System Wide Monitoring Program (SWMP) that all 29 NERRs use, Lake Superior NERR is also experimenting with sending their EXO2 sondes under St. Louis River ice this year. \u201cWe want to see how well the probes do for us,\u201d says Ramage. \u201cWe\u2019ve seen high chlorophyll a concentrations under the ice and want to keep an eye on it. We want to see if there\u2019s algal blooms.\u201d The sondes collect temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and pH data. One station, at Barkers Island, closest to the exit of the River, right at the end of the dock, also has a sonde with a chlorophyll a and a total algae sensor. \u00a0Barkers Island has a live setup in coordination with NOAA that transfers all Barkers Island data telemetrically. Barkers Island is also the site of the education center, Lake Superior Estuarium. The sonde furthest upstream is on Oliver Bridge, by the town of Oliver, WI. This particular sonde is stored in a housing attached to the bridge. Another site housing a sonde is at the Blatnik highway bridge. Both bridges have the same kind of sonde housing.<\/span><\/p>\n

There is also a special site on the Pokegama Bay, where the Pokegama River meets the St. Louis River estuary. \u201cThat is our sentinel site for SWMP,\u201d says Ramage. \u201cIt\u2019s a unique part of the river: it\u2019s very turbid.\u201d A meteorological station is also part of the Pokegama Bay site.<\/span><\/p>\n

Like all NERRs, Lake Superior NERR does vegetation monitoring. However, the Lake Superior site has a different emphasis than some other NERRs: invasive species. \u201cWe are concerned with invasive species here,\u201d says Ramage. \u201cThe St. Louis River estuary contains the largest port in the Great Lakes (by tonnage), and therefore we get a lot of non-native species introductions. There\u2019s an invasion of purple loosestrife, which chokes out native plant species when it gets a chance. We specifically monitor for purple loosestrife at our sentinel site, as it\u2019s very adaptable and prolific across areas. It competes with sedges and grasses. There\u2019s also rusty crayfish, they\u2019re an issue too. Round gobies, Eurasian ruff, tubenose goby, spiny water flea\u2026all of them have come here, and they influence the ecosystem.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Lake

Water quality station on Barker\u2019s Island which has the EXO2 sonde, Storm 3 data logger (WaterLog) and GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) transmission of data once every hour. (Credit: Hannah Ramage)<\/p><\/div>\n

Interestingly, some invasive species are currently being controlled naturally. \u201cZebra mussels are a devastating invasive species in many other places, but here they don\u2019t have enough nutrients in most of areas of Lake Superior, so they\u2019re confined to the harbor, along with quagga mussels,\u201d Ramage explains.<\/span><\/p>\n

Purple loosestrife can sometimes be controlled in Pokegama Bay by very high water. \u201cOf course in that case, none of the typical native vegetation was growing either,\u201d Ramage says. \u201cWe don\u2019t have the final data for 2017 yet.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Ramage\u2019s colleague, Shon Schooler, Lake Superior NERR Research Coordinator, does the most work on the purple loosestrife issue, as well as the rusty crayfish. Besides Ramage and Schooler, there are two undergraduates from the University of Minnesota and the University of Wisconsin-Superior who also perform research tasks at Lake Superior NERR. Students calibrate sondes, collect monthly water nutrient sampling and conduct their own research. \u201cWe also have an Education Coordinator, Deanna Erickson, who likes to get students engaged in research with us,\u201d says Ramage. In addition to the tasks those students perform, there are many students who act as citizen scientists (volunteers) from both Wisconsin and Minnesota. \u201cWe\u2019d like to get more participation from more college students, too,\u201d says Ramage. Around 60-100 students participate throughout the year, and many K-12 and college students use the education facilities at Lake Superior NERR. \u201cStudents get grab samples (water samples), sonde water quality data, which gets utilized in the lab,\u201d says Ramage. \u201cShon teaches an Environmental Research Methods class at the University of Wisconsin-Superior. We have programs all year.\u201d The Reserve is a state-federal partnership with the University of Wisconsin-Extension being the primary Wisconsin partner and NOAA is the federal partner.<\/span><\/p>\n

In the past few years, the estuary has gone through some changes. \u201cThere was a big flood in the St. Louis River in 2012, which had effects we are still understanding. We also discovered that there were high levels of chlorophyll a under the river ice, despite the cold weather. We didn\u2019t really expect winter algal blooms,\u201d she says. \u201cWe don\u2019t have baseline data to compare how unusual the under ice algae phenomenon is.\u201d In Lake Superior NERR, floods have become more common in recent years. \u201cWe\u2019ve also seen that whatever happens to the St. Louis River affects the Lake,\u201d says Ramage.<\/span><\/p>\n

The St. Louis River estuary is \u201ca Great Lakes Area of Concern,\u201d Ramage mentions. \u201cHistorically, the river has seen some significant contaminants.\u201d Researchers have been looking at how much sediment the river is moving in the water column, and what materials the river is moving. \u201cIt would be great if we could get a team of people to better monitor flood events,\u201d says Ramage.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Lake

Recent former student technician (University of Wisconsin-Superior) Leo Dressen downloading data from our meteorological station (Campbell Scientific) in Pokegama Bay. (Credit: Tracy Ledder)<\/p><\/div>\n

During her career studying the St. Louis River estuary, and during her time at Lake Superior NERR, Ramage has developed a great appreciation for the uniqueness of doing research in the Lake area. \u201cWe have a very dynamic system here,\u201d she says. \u201cRecently, because of high water levels in Lake Superior, our long term vegetation monitoring has revealed areas where, conditions have rapidly changed. Also, Lake Superior water levels affect conditions way upstream, more than you might think. In Pokegama Bay, for example, habitat can change completely because of Lake levels. Plant communities can change drastically here over the course of a single year.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

As time goes by, Ramage continues to enjoy research at Lake Superior NERR. \u201cThe Great Lakes have great appeal,\u201d she says. \u201cI grew up near Lake Michigan, and when you grow up near a huge lake like that, you never want to leave.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

She especially likes the freshwater estuary, something Lake Superior NERR has. \u201cThey\u2019re different from coastal estuaries,\u201d she says. \u201cWe have a really dynamic river here and a huge commercial port. It\u2019s a really rich place to do abiotic and biological research.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Ramage also likes the local community. \u201cThere\u2019s a really palpable sense of making connections with people who have devoted their lives to upholding this place. We have challenges here, such as remediating contaminants, restoring fish and wildlife populations, and restoring wetlands and shorelines. But the community here definitely gives you a sense of optimism. There\u2019s a feeling here that we can fix it!\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

St. Louis River imbues Lake Superior NERR with its unique character. Monitoring includes SWMP, keeping an eye on purple loosestrife and other issues. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":28486,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[59,5],"tags":[60,445,500,531,109,56,532],"class_list":["post-28480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-estuaries-wetlands","category-featured-articles","tag-featured","tag-lake-superior","tag-monitoring","tag-nerr","tag-news-ticker","tag-wetlands-estuaries","tag-ysi-exo2"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"\nEstuarine Invaders: Environmental Monitoring Tracks Lake Superior NERR Non-Native Species, Surveils Water Quality<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"St. Louis River imbues Lake Superior NERR with its unique character. 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