{"id":28687,"date":"2018-03-03T08:33:51","date_gmt":"2018-03-03T12:33:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=28687"},"modified":"2018-03-02T12:15:35","modified_gmt":"2018-03-02T16:15:35","slug":"metal-organic-frameworks-next-generation-materials-revolutionizing-water-filtration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/metal-organic-frameworks-next-generation-materials-revolutionizing-water-filtration.htm","title":{"rendered":"Metal-Organic Frameworks: Next-Generation Materials Revolutionizing Water Filtration"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When are crystals like sponges? When they&#8217;re metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), the materials that formed the basis of <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/advances.sciencemag.org\/content\/4\/2\/eaaq0066\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">new research<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from Monash University, CSIRO, and the University of Texas at Austin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">MOFs are crystals that act like sponges due to their vast internal surface area\u2014the largest of any known substance. They are therefore ideal for capturing, storing, and removing or releasing compounds such as ions and salt rendering sea water undrinkable. Professor Huanting Wang of the Monash University Faculty of Engineering in Melbourne, Australia, spoke with EM about the breakthrough research.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The team in this case discovered that MOF membranes can act like the cell membranes of organic structures, taking on an ion-selective filtering function. The researchers are now working to develop these membranes further, so they can both separate ions and remove salts when applied with seawater, all for a low cost.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reverse osmosis (RO) membranes are the current gold standard for desalination, and they are also critical for most water treatment protocols. However, RO membranes leave something to be desired in the realm of energy consumption. Furthermore, as they operate on neither the principle of selective ion transport in biological channels nor dehydration of ions, they present with significant limitations for both desalination and industrial applications.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThese membranes effectively remove salts (in small amounts) from saline water, including seawater; in contrast, reverse osmosis membranes remove pure water (in large amounts) from saline water,\u201d explains Professor Huanting Wang. \u201cTherefore, this has great potential to improve desalination efficiency.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An additional wrinkle here is the world&#8217;s growing demand for rare metals like lithium. Now that lithium-ion batteries are in high demand, sourcing lithium in new ways is a real point of interest in industry\u2014and since lithium ions are a byproduct of wastewater and salt water treatment systems, it makes sense to look to these processes as sources of the rare metal, if extraction can be made practical.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe have found that these membranes can separate Li ions from other metal ions, and have the potential to extract Li from complex liquid systems,\u201d remarks Professor Wang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The MOFs make water desalination less costly and far less energy intensive, and they also make the possibility of extracting lithium as part of the newly sustainable process a very real prospect. But how far in the future will it be before MOFs can be deployed for commercial and industrial use?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe are working to scale up the membrane fabrication, and then test the membrane under industry-relevant conditions,\u201d responds Professor Wang. \u201cIt could take 3-5 years to demonstrate their application in the industry.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In any case, when it comes to wastewater and mining waste treatment, \u201cIt [this new technology] has the potential to be part of the standard,\u201d comments Professor Wang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also on the horizon for the researchers: new approaches to the scaling problem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAt the moment, we are mainly focused on depositing MOFs on porous substrates to fabricate supported MOF membranes, which has the potential for scaling up,\u201d adds Professor Wang.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_28690\" style=\"width: 630px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-28690\" class=\"size-large wp-image-28690\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/MOF_simulations-1024x353.jpg\" alt=\"metal-organic\" width=\"620\" height=\"214\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-28690\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">MD simulations of ion transport in ZIF-8.<br \/>(A) The simulation cartoon shows the ZIF-8 cavities filled with water molecules (green spheres), and they are connected via narrow windows. For clarity, ZIF-8 is shown as a wireframe. The apparent empty spaces are actually occupied by atoms of ZIF-8. K+ and Cl\u2212 ions are represented by orange and purple spheres, respectively. (B) The normalized mobility of K+, Li+, and Cl\u2212 ions in ZIF-8 and in water. The mobility of Cl\u2212 in 1 M aqueous solution is taken as the reference. The Li+ mobility is enhanced in ZIF-8 compared with that in water, whereas the opposite trend is observed for K+. Consequently, Li+ in ZIF-8 has a higher mobility than K+, which is consistent with experiments. (C) Radial distribution function of water molecules around Li+ and K+ in bulk solutions and in ZIF-8. Owing to the confinement effect, the water density in the first hydration shell of Li+ is significantly reduced, and the second hydration shell nearly disappears. Similar (but less) trends can be observed for K+. The diameter of the partly hydrated Li+ appears to be smaller than that of the partly hydrated K+ in ZIF-8, which might explain its higher mobility. (Credit: Wang, et al.)<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Researchers have identified how to use metal-organic frameworks to improve desalination and wastewater filtration processes\u2014and harvest lithium, too.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":28689,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[581,582,103,109],"class_list":["post-28687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-desalination","tag-lithium","tag-news-2","tag-news-ticker"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Metal-Organic Frameworks: Next-Generation Materials Revolutionizing Water Filtration<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Researchers 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(A) Alkali metal ion selectivity of AAO supports, ZIF-8\\\/GO\\\/AAO membranes, and GO\\\/AAO membranes. (B) Window structures of MOF pores: six-ring ZIF-8 window of ~3.4 \u00c5 in diameter, six-ring ZIF-7 window of ~2.9 \u00c5 in diameter, and triangular UiO-66 window of ~6.0 \u00c5 in diameter (see fig. S11 for crystal structures of ZIF-7 and UiO-66). (C) Dependence of ion selectivity on the pore widow diameter of different MOFs and the pore diameter of nanoporous membranes. At the angstrom scale, the alkali metal ion selectivity of the MOF membranes decreases with increasing window diameter. However, all membranes with pore diameters >1 nm do not have alkali metal ion selectivity. (Credit: Wang, et al.)\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/\",\"name\":\"Environmental Monitor\",\"description\":\"Application and technology news for environmental professionals\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b\",\"name\":\"Karla Lant\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Karla Lant\"},\"description\":\"Karla Lant is a professional freelance science writer and a member of the Society of Environmental Journalists. 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(A) Alkali metal ion selectivity of AAO supports, ZIF-8\/GO\/AAO membranes, and GO\/AAO membranes. (B) Window structures of MOF pores: six-ring ZIF-8 window of ~3.4 \u00c5 in diameter, six-ring ZIF-7 window of ~2.9 \u00c5 in diameter, and triangular UiO-66 window of ~6.0 \u00c5 in diameter (see fig. S11 for crystal structures of ZIF-7 and UiO-66). (C) Dependence of ion selectivity on the pore widow diameter of different MOFs and the pore diameter of nanoporous membranes. At the angstrom scale, the alkali metal ion selectivity of the MOF membranes decreases with increasing window diameter. However, all membranes with pore diameters >1 nm do not have alkali metal ion selectivity. (Credit: Wang, et al.)"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/","name":"Environmental Monitor","description":"Application and technology news for environmental professionals","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b","name":"Karla Lant","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Karla Lant"},"description":"Karla Lant is a professional freelance science writer and a member of the Society of Environmental Journalists. 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