{"id":29695,"date":"2018-07-04T13:00:06","date_gmt":"2018-07-04T17:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=29695"},"modified":"2018-07-24T10:45:15","modified_gmt":"2018-07-24T14:45:15","slug":"mirror-lake-salt-levels-still-a-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/mirror-lake-salt-levels-still-a-problem.htm","title":{"rendered":"Mirror Lake Salt Levels Still a Problem"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For 20 years now, interested parties have been monitoring water quality in Mirror Lake, a relatively small lake nestled in upstate New York&#8217;s Adirondack Park. This area is a getaway for many urbanites, but the smaller population doesn&#8217;t mean the lake&#8217;s water quality isn&#8217;t under threat. In fact, concentrated patches of development have led to increasing salt and chloride levels that locals are now working to lower.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #808080;\">The AuSable River Association 2018 water quality report<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ausableriver.org\/watershed\/lakes\/mirror-lake\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">annual AuSable River Association report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on Mirror Lake water quality reveals that increasing chloride and salt levels may have major effects on the lake&#8217;s overall health\u2014and this isn&#8217;t a new concern.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe started monitoring the lake in May 2015 and issued the first report in March 2017,\u201d Dr. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ausableriver.org\/about-us\/staff-board\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brendan Wiltse<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Science and Stewardship Director of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ausableriver.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ausable River Association (ARA)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> told <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EM<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u201cThis is our second annual report on the lake. The lake has been enrolled in a citizen monitoring program (CSLAP; Citizen Statewide Lake Assessment Program) since 1998, but that program does not assess sodium and chloride concentrations.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ARA monitors Mirror Lake using standard limnological protocols.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe measure temperature, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and pH at 1m intervals through the water column on a bi-weekly basis year-round,\u201d explains Dr. Wiltse. \u201cWe also collect a 2-meter integrated surface water sample and a discrete sample using a Kemmerer sampler 1m off the bottom during each visit. pH, conductivity, alkalinity, total phosphorus, nitrate, ammonium, total nitrogen, chlorophyll-a, chloride, sodium and calcium are analyzed at the Paul Smith&#8217;s College Adirondack Watershed Institute.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This careful work shows that long-term trends in chloride, conductivity, and sodium remain a challenge for everyone concerned with the health of the watershed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe underlying geology has very little chloride and the only other natural source is atmospheric deposition,\u201d details Dr. Wiltse. \u201cAs a result, the median concentration for unimpacted Adirondack lakes and streams is 0.24 mg\/L of chloride. The surface water concentration in Mirror Lake is around 40 mg\/L or 167-times higher than we would expect for an Adirondack lake. Road salt is definitely the source of the additional salt, especially in this heavily developed, small watershed.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In fact, the team documented elevated chloride concentrations from the bottom of the lake, and there is evidence that these higher concentrations are interfering with the lake&#8217;s natural seasonal turnover process.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cDuring the winter, the stormwater runoff that directly enters the lake has extremely high concentrations of salt,\u201d Dr. Wiltse states. \u201cThe highest we have measured to date is 2,400 mg\/L of chloride, which is 10,000 times higher than the median concentration for unimpacted Adirondack streams.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_29700\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29700\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29700\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mirrorLake_AWI_group_resize-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"Mirror Lake Salt Levels\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mirrorLake_AWI_group_resize-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mirrorLake_AWI_group_resize-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mirrorLake_AWI_group_resize-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mirrorLake_AWI_group_resize-940x627.jpg 940w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/mirrorLake_AWI_group_resize.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-29700\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Liz Yerger and Cory Laxson from the Adirondack Watershed Institute pulling a sled full of field equipment across Mirror Lake. (Credit: AuSable River Association, https:\/\/www.ausableriver.org\/watershed\/lakes\/mirror-lake)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The added salt renders stormwater denser. Due to the small size of the lake, the water flows along the lake bottom, accumulating at depth.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThroughout the winter, we are able to see the sodium and chloride gradually accumulate from the bottom of the lake upwards,\u201d describes Dr. Wiltse. \u201cThe density differences in the water column due to salt add the energy required to mix the lake; our preliminary modeling shows a 75 to 200-times increase. The lake receives relatively little wind exposure due to its orientation and surrounding topography. This, combined with the salt-induced density differences, prevented the lake from mixing in 2017 and we expect it won&#8217;t mix in 2018 as well.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moreover, the team now has comparative data to bolster their theory.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIn 2016, the winter was more mild, less salt was applied, and ice-out occurred about 1 month earlier,\u201d remarks Dr. Wiltse. \u201cThat spring the lake did turnover due to reduced salt-induced density differences and a prolonged spring mixing period.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A lack of turnover results in lower dissolved oxygen concentrations in the hypolimnion of the lake. \u201cThis is a threat to the lake trout and rainbow trout found in the lake, and increases internal nutrient loading,\u201d adds Dr. Wiltse.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #808080;\">A focused approach to a local problem<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The areas surrounding Mirror Lake have reduced their use of road salt. Although these measures have made a positive difference, the problem is not entirely solved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cLocal government is trying to reduce the amount of salt they use, but we haven&#8217;t seen a substantial shift in the chemistry of the lake as a result,\u201d remarks Dr. Wiltse.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the report, the team explains that part of the issue is indeed how much salt is used, and another issue is even spreading of salt concentrations. This is because it requires more energy to turn over the lake when the salt is unevenly distributed. Determining a set of best practices based on this issue is one area of future research for the team.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_29698\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-29698\" class=\"size-large wp-image-29698\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MirrorLake_DrWiltse-600x450.jpg\" alt=\"Mirror Lake Salt Levels\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MirrorLake_DrWiltse-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MirrorLake_DrWiltse-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MirrorLake_DrWiltse-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MirrorLake_DrWiltse-940x705.jpg 940w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/MirrorLake_DrWiltse.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-29698\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Monitoring in the field. (Credit: AuSable River Association, https:\/\/www.ausableriver.org\/watershed\/lakes\/mirror-lake)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe are focused on measuring the amount of salt applied to the watershed from all sources (state, municipal, and private),\u201d explains Dr. Wiltse. \u201cWith this data, we can model how salt moves to the lake and what amount of reduction is needed to restore turnover. Once we know what our target is we will assist stakeholder in implementing best management practices that will achieve those reductions.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The team will also focus on building a water balance and chloride mass balance for the lake moving forward. This way, they will be better able to accurately model and predict the effectiveness of proposed management actions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201c[The Mirror Lake] area is seen as a large protected area that may not be susceptible to these sorts of problems, but there are pockets of concentrated development that deal with many of the same problems as much larger urban areas,\u201d states Dr. Wiltse. \u201cTherefore, it is important that we don&#8217;t overlook the impacts in these areas out of the false belief that they are fully protected.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Top image: Mirror Lake, Lake Placid. (Credit: By Mwanner [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0) or GFDL (http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/copyleft\/fdl.html)], from Wikimedia Commons)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The annual monitoring report on Mirror Lake in upstate New York reveals that salt levels are still a problem despite reduced local use of road salt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":29699,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,7,8,510],"tags":[782,784,783,781,103,109,780,503],"class_list":["post-29695","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lakes-reservoirs","category-news","category-newsfeed","category-water-quality","tag-adirondack-park","tag-ausable-river-association","tag-ausable-river-association-report","tag-mirror-lake","tag-news-2","tag-news-ticker","tag-sodium","tag-water-quality"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mirror Lake Salt Levels Still a Problem<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The annual monitoring report on Mirror Lake in upstate New York reveals that salt levels are still a problem despite reduced local use of road salt.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/mirror-lake-salt-levels-still-a-problem.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mirror Lake Salt Levels Still a Problem\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The annual monitoring report on Mirror Lake in upstate New York reveals that salt levels are still a problem despite reduced local use of road salt.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/mirror-lake-salt-levels-still-a-problem.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Environmental Monitor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-07-04T17:00:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-07-24T14:45:15+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/07\/Mirrorlake_LakePlacid.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"3264\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2448\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Karla Lant\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Karla Lant\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/mirror-lake-salt-levels-still-a-problem.htm#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/mirror-lake-salt-levels-still-a-problem.htm\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Karla Lant\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b\"},\"headline\":\"Mirror Lake Salt Levels Still a Problem\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-07-04T17:00:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-07-24T14:45:15+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/mirror-lake-salt-levels-still-a-problem.htm\"},\"wordCount\":1026,\"commentCount\":1,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/mirror-lake-salt-levels-still-a-problem.htm#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.fondriest.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/07\\\/Mirrorlake_LakePlacid-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Adirondack Park\",\"Ausable River Association\",\"AuSable River Association report\",\"Mirror Lake\",\"news\",\"news ticker\",\"sodium\",\"water quality\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Lakes &amp; 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