{"id":30312,"date":"2018-09-20T09:25:42","date_gmt":"2018-09-20T13:25:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=30312"},"modified":"2025-05-12T14:43:07","modified_gmt":"2025-05-12T18:43:07","slug":"steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm","title":{"rendered":"Steel Chips Promising New Stormwater Treatment for E. Coli Removal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Escherichia coli (E. coli)<\/span><\/i> in stormwater runoff is a perennial problem in South Dakota\u2014and in many other places in the US and around the world. Especially in places where drought makes every drop of rainfall count, it’s crucial to remove harmful bacteria such as <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> from stormwater. Researchers from the <\/span>South Dakota State University (SDSU)<\/span><\/a> Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering<\/span><\/a> may have a promising\u2014and cost-efficient\u2014new solution to this problem: steel chips.<\/span><\/p>\n

After the storm<\/span><\/h3>\n

A good rain can make it seem like everything is fresh and clean\u2014in part because stormwater washes dirt and grime that covers streets down into sewer systems. That includes animal and human waste, and <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> bacteria.<\/span><\/p>\n

In fact, <\/span>according to the South Dakota Department of Environment and Natural Resources<\/span><\/a>, <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> contamination is one of the principal impairments of water quality in the Big Sioux River. Testing of water quality across various stormwater drainage sites in Brookings, the home of SDSU, revealed post-summer storm <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> concentrations as high as 2,000 colony forming units (cfu) per 100 milliliters (mL).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c<\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> is one of the major contaminants in rivers, streams, and lakes in SD,\u201d remarks assistant professor <\/span>Guanghui Hua<\/span><\/a> of SDSU, former advisor to graduate student Peng Dai, who ran the experiments.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cWe selected several low cost and readily available materials including zeolite, limestone, steel slag, and steel chips to evaluate their capacities for <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> removal,\u201d explains Dr. Hua. \u201cThe selection of limestone and zeolite were based on literature review, and the selection of steel slag and steel chips were based on our research interests.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"steel

Samples with varying levels of E. coli is run through these steel chips to evaluate their ability to remove the bacteria from the simulated stormwater. (Credit: SDSU, https:\/\/www.newswise.com\/articles\/view\/695035\/?sc=swhr&xy=10020912.)<\/p><\/div>\n

A previous graduate student of Dr. Hua’s had tested other mining industry byproducts, along with steel chips. The surfaces of the steel chips carry a positive charge, while <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> bacteria are negatively charged. This means that electrostatic attraction can draw <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> to the surface of the steel chips, where it can be absorbed. From there, the steel’s ferric and ferrous ions oxidize the cell membranes of the <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> cells, killing them.<\/span><\/p>\n

Carbon steel chips removed 85 to 98 percent of <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> from stormwater in small column testing.<\/span><\/p>\n

Smart, cost-efficient solutions<\/span><\/h3>\n

To examine the technology, Dai tested steel chips from 0.5 to 8 millimeters in size in simulated stormwater. To simulate stormwater the team added <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> to water in varying concentrations. The lowest concentration samples registered at 10 cfu\/100 mL, while the highest were at 106 cfu\/100 mL.<\/span><\/p>\n

The team also evaluated how contact time and pH affected the process, testing pH levels of 5, 7, and 9, and contact times between 5 and 20 minutes. The team also controlled the simulated stormwater nutrient levels so that the <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> could not multiply, but could survive.<\/span><\/p>\n

The 0.5 to 2 mm chips were most effective, as were longer contact times. In fact, the steel chips removed almost 99 percent of the <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> after 20 minutes of exposure. The lower pH was ideal for best results, but the team recorded at least 90 percent removal rates for each pH level tested. Practically, this is an excellent result.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c90 percent removal of <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> from stormwater is an effective treatment efficiency,\u201d comments Dr. Hua. \u201cSuch a treatment unit can substantially reduce the levels of <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i> discharged into surface water from the stormwater. This can help rivers and lakes meet the regulatory limit for <\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/i>.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The team simulated intermittent stormwater events in addition to performing continuous flow testing. To do this, they circulated the stormwater around the chips at intervals of six hours, interspersed with six hours of dry time for the chips. The chips maintained their high-efficiency removal rate.<\/span><\/p>\n

The carbon steel chips that worked best are, in essence, waste from industrial processes, making this technology an especially welcome advancement from a cost-efficiency perspective.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cSteel chips are produced from machine shops by cutting, shaping, drilling, and finishing steel products,\u201d details Dr. Hua. \u201cWater filtration using steel chips is a potentially affordable technology.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"steel

South Dakota State University graduate student Peng Dai runs solutions with low to extremely high E. coli levels through columns loaded with steel chips ranging in size from 0.5 to 8 millimeter. (Credit: SDSU, https:\/\/www.newswise.com\/articles\/view\/695035\/?sc=swhr&xy=10020912.)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cOur previous studies also showed steel chips are effective at removing phosphate from water,\u201d adds Dr. Hua.<\/span><\/p>\n

This summer, a prototype of an applied version of this technology began testing at a site in south Brookings where residential area stormwater drains into a retention pond. The test involves placing a structure, which resembles a box with an open top, at the pond’s inlet, so the stormwater flows past the steel chips.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA pilot scale filter was installed at the inlet of a retention pond in south Brookings in May 2018,\u201d comments Dr. Hua. \u201cThe filter size is 6 feet in length, 5 feet in width, and 8 inches in height, and was filled with steel chips (70%) and steel slags (30%). The results of the three-month pilot testing showed that the steel chip filter is highly effective at removing E Coli from real stormwater runoff.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The field-scale testing is still ongoing. Therefore, the team does not have the final numbers for release yet. However, the value of the technology seems clear.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cStormwater can be a significant source of contamination to natural water bodies, so it is important to develop and implement effective and practical technologies to remove those contaminants from stormwater,\u201d states Dr. Hua. \u201cThis technology offers a cost-effective way to remove E. coli from stormwater and to protect our natural water resources.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Top image: Dai prepares solutions with varying levels of E. coli to test the effectiveness of steel chips at removing the bacteria. (Credit: SDSU, https:\/\/www.newswise.com\/articles\/view\/695035\/?sc=swhr&xy=10020912.)<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trials of steel chips from industrial waste show that they effectively remove E. coli from stormwater by lysing the bacterial cell walls.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":30314,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8,49,52,510],"tags":[1063,891,60,1064,1062,109,1061,1059,620,1060],"class_list":["post-30312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured-articles","category-newsfeed","category-rivers-streams","category-technology","category-water-quality","tag-carbon-steel-chips","tag-e-coli","tag-featured","tag-filters","tag-iron","tag-news-ticker","tag-south-dakota-state-university","tag-steel-chips","tag-stormwater","tag-water"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"\nSteel Chips Promising New Stormwater Treatment for E. Coli Removal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Trials of steel chips from industrial waste show that they effectively remove E. coli from stormwater by lysing the bacterial cell walls.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Steel Chips Promising New Stormwater Treatment for E. Coli Removal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Trials of steel chips from industrial waste show that they effectively remove E. coli from stormwater by lysing the bacterial cell walls.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Environmental Monitor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-09-20T13:25:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-12T18:43:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/steel_chips_prepares.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"434\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"654\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Karla Lant\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Karla Lant\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Karla Lant\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b\"},\"headline\":\"Steel Chips Promising New Stormwater Treatment for E. Coli Removal\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-09-20T13:25:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-12T18:43:07+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm\"},\"wordCount\":1003,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.fondriest.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/steel_chips_prepares.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"carbon steel chips\",\"e-coli\",\"featured\",\"filters\",\"iron\",\"news ticker\",\"South Dakota State University\",\"steel chips\",\"stormwater\",\"water\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Featured Articles\",\"Newsfeed\",\"Rivers & Streams\",\"Technology\",\"Water Quality\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm\",\"name\":\"Steel Chips Promising New Stormwater Treatment for E. Coli Removal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.fondriest.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/steel_chips_prepares.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-09-20T13:25:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-12T18:43:07+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b\"},\"description\":\"Trials of steel chips from industrial waste show that they effectively remove E. coli from stormwater by lysing the bacterial cell walls.\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.fondriest.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/steel_chips_prepares.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/news.fondriest.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2018\\\/09\\\/steel_chips_prepares.jpg\",\"width\":434,\"height\":654,\"caption\":\"Dai prepares solutions with varying levels of E. coli to test the effectiveness of steel chips at removing the bacteria. (Credit: SDSU, https:\\\/\\\/www.newswise.com\\\/articles\\\/view\\\/695035\\\/?sc=swhr&xy=10020912.)\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/\",\"name\":\"Environmental Monitor\",\"description\":\"Application and technology news for environmental professionals\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b\",\"name\":\"Karla Lant\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Karla Lant\"},\"description\":\"Karla Lant is a professional freelance science writer and a member of the Society of Environmental Journalists. She also covers other scientific and medical stories as well as technology.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/author\\\/karlalant\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Steel Chips Promising New Stormwater Treatment for E. Coli Removal","description":"Trials of steel chips from industrial waste show that they effectively remove E. coli from stormwater by lysing the bacterial cell walls.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Steel Chips Promising New Stormwater Treatment for E. Coli Removal","og_description":"Trials of steel chips from industrial waste show that they effectively remove E. coli from stormwater by lysing the bacterial cell walls.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm","og_site_name":"Environmental Monitor","article_published_time":"2018-09-20T13:25:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-05-12T18:43:07+00:00","og_image":[{"width":434,"height":654,"url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/steel_chips_prepares.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Karla Lant","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Karla Lant","Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm"},"author":{"name":"Karla Lant","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b"},"headline":"Steel Chips Promising New Stormwater Treatment for E. Coli Removal","datePublished":"2018-09-20T13:25:42+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-12T18:43:07+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm"},"wordCount":1003,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/steel_chips_prepares.jpg","keywords":["carbon steel chips","e-coli","featured","filters","iron","news ticker","South Dakota State University","steel chips","stormwater","water"],"articleSection":["Featured Articles","Newsfeed","Rivers & Streams","Technology","Water Quality"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm","url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm","name":"Steel Chips Promising New Stormwater Treatment for E. Coli Removal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/steel_chips_prepares.jpg","datePublished":"2018-09-20T13:25:42+00:00","dateModified":"2025-05-12T18:43:07+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b"},"description":"Trials of steel chips from industrial waste show that they effectively remove E. coli from stormwater by lysing the bacterial cell walls.","inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/steel-chips-promising-new-stormwater-treatment-for-e-coli-removal.htm#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/steel_chips_prepares.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/steel_chips_prepares.jpg","width":434,"height":654,"caption":"Dai prepares solutions with varying levels of E. coli to test the effectiveness of steel chips at removing the bacteria. (Credit: SDSU, https:\/\/www.newswise.com\/articles\/view\/695035\/?sc=swhr&xy=10020912.)"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/","name":"Environmental Monitor","description":"Application and technology news for environmental professionals","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/51170f7bfa3a05b94cea6f517ce4e79b","name":"Karla Lant","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/60e8c0668d383b138552b06b36f51c157a5568de8402f8dead418c4bc55c2fec?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Karla Lant"},"description":"Karla Lant is a professional freelance science writer and a member of the Society of Environmental Journalists. She also covers other scientific and medical stories as well as technology.","url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/author\/karlalant"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30312"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30312\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39675,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30312\/revisions\/39675"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30314"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}