{"id":30790,"date":"2018-12-06T10:00:56","date_gmt":"2018-12-06T14:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=30790"},"modified":"2022-07-25T15:35:34","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T19:35:34","slug":"from-acid-rain-to-cyanobacteria-cary-institute-of-ecosystem-studies-is-a-leader-in-environmental-monitoring","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/from-acid-rain-to-cyanobacteria-cary-institute-of-ecosystem-studies-is-a-leader-in-environmental-monitoring.htm","title":{"rendered":"From Acid Rain to Cyanobacteria, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies is a Leader in Environmental Monitoring"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.caryinstitute.org\/science-program\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, an independent environmental research organization in Millbrook, NY, is a leader in environmental monitoring \u2013 particularly long-term monitoring that spans decades.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Steve Hamilton is a freshwater ecologist at Cary Institute and professor at <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.kbs.msu.edu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kellogg Biological Station<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a member of the Organization of Biological Field Stations (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.obfs.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">OBFS<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">), at Michigan State University. Hamilton explains, \u201cEnvironmental monitoring is how ecologists keep a finger on the planet\u2019s rapidly-shifting pulse. By tracking ecological indicators over long timescales, we can identify patterns and better understand how ecosystems are changing. This understanding will guide us as we work to adapt to and mitigate environmental degradation.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The discovery of acid rain in North America by Cary Institute founder Gene Likens is a case in point.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIn the 1980s, the pH of precipitation (rain and snow) in the eastern United States was surprisingly acidic \u2013 a pH of around 4.3,\u201d says Hamilton. \u201cBy monitoring precipitation chemistry in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, and then in Ithaca, NY, Likens was able to link increasing air pollution from sources such as vehicles and power plants with rising precipitation acidity. This finding, a product of environmental monitoring, helped underpin the formation of the Clean Air Act.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since the passage of the Clean Air Act, precipitation has become far less acidic and is now closer to pH 5. For reference, water with a pH of 4.3 has five times the acidity of water at pH 5.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_30794\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30794\" class=\"size-large wp-image-30794\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Kathie-Weathers-600x800.jpg\" alt=\"Cary institute\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Kathie-Weathers-600x800.jpg 600w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Kathie-Weathers-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Kathie-Weathers-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Kathie-Weathers-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Kathie-Weathers-940x1253.jpg 940w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Kathie-Weathers.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-30794\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Dr. Kathleen Weathers of Cary Institute with a sediment core retrieved from beneath an ice-covered lake. (Credit Midge Eliassen, Lake Sunapee, NH)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today, Cary\u2019s freshwater monitoring program spans local to international scales \u2013 starting with a stream that runs through the Institute\u2019s property, Wappinger Creek, which has been monitored since the 1980s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Victoria Kelly is the Environmental Monitoring Program Manager at Cary Institute. Kelly says, \u201cA concerning trend that has emerged from the Wappinger Creek dataset is increasing salinity \u2013 the result of salt treatments applied to icy winter roads. Salt accumulates in the soil and groundwater and can take decades to flush out. Salt pollution threatens drinking water and ecosystem health.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To continuously measure salinity in Wappinger Creek, researchers use a conductance probe because the electrical conductivity of water is dominated by road salt. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.campbellsci.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Campbell Scientific<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> sensors are used to continuously measure water level, water temperature and specific conductance for the Wappinger Creek monitoring.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By documenting the fluctuating salt concentrations and identifying their ecological effects, Cary scientists help build the case for smart road salt application among regional municipalities.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_30797\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30797\" class=\"size-large wp-image-30797\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Vicky_Mark_Wappinger_Creek-600x402.jpg\" alt=\"Cary Institute\" width=\"600\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Vicky_Mark_Wappinger_Creek-600x402.jpg 600w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Vicky_Mark_Wappinger_Creek-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Vicky_Mark_Wappinger_Creek-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Vicky_Mark_Wappinger_Creek-1536x1028.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Vicky_Mark_Wappinger_Creek-2048x1371.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Vicky_Mark_Wappinger_Creek-940x629.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-30797\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Victoria Kelly and Mark Leopold measuring discharge at the long-term monitoring station on Wappinger Creek at Cary Institute. Mark Leopold is using a Marsh McBirney flow meter to measure the flow rate of the stream.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Equipment pictured &#8211; a stilling well with a Handar float and pulley stream height gauge, used to measure stream height. (Credit Heather Malcom, East Branch of Wappinger Creek)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kelly explains, \u201cWithout long-term monitoring of salinity in Wappinger Creek, it would be difficult to connect road salt contamination with other ecological effects. These data show us that salt concentrations are increasing in the environment. This raises a red flag. Without better management, the trend will intensify, putting streams and aquatic life at greater risk. We share this <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.caryinstitute.org\/sites\/default\/files\/public\/downloads\/report_road_salt.pdf\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">information<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with managers and recommend best-practice strategies to help achieve safe winter roads as well as healthy streams.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cary research follows Wappinger Creek from Millbrook into the Hudson River \u2013 a continuous monitoring effort that now exceeds 30 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hamilton is a collaborator on the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dec.ny.gov\/lands\/4920.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hudson River program<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. He says, \u201cCary scientists help maintain a network of automated sensors on the Hudson in partnership with the Hudson River Environmental Conditions Observing System (<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hrecos.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HRECOS<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). These long-term datasets illuminate overarching trends across the Hudson ecosystem; water quality and invasive species are two top areas of monitoring.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the ice-free season over the past 30 years, Cary researchers have sampled the river to measure a range of water quality indicators including nitrogen and phosphorus levels, algal biomass, sediments, conductivity, and populations of phytoplankton and zooplankton. Sondes are used to measure pH, conductance, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll at various depths. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/ysi-exo3-multi-parameter-water-quality-sonde.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">YSI EXO sondes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0are used for the Hudson River work. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/ysi-ecosense-ec300m-conductivity-meter.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">YSI EC300<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> field meter is also used to measure conductivity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cary aquatic ecologist Stuart Findlay leads a network of citizen scientists who monitor submerged aquatic vegetation throughout the freshwater portion of the Hudson River.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_30795\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-30795\" class=\"size-large wp-image-30795\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Stuart_David_Hudson-600x400.jpg\" alt=\"Cary Institute\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Stuart_David_Hudson-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Stuart_David_Hudson-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Stuart_David_Hudson-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Stuart_David_Hudson-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Stuart_David_Hudson-2048x1367.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Stuart_David_Hudson-940x627.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-30795\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Dr. Stuart Findlay and David Fischer collecting a sample of microzooplankton with a plankton net for the NSF-funded Long-term Research in Environmental Biology project. (Credit Heather Malcom, mid-Hudson River)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Findlay explains, \u201cNative water celery beds are especially important as they provide essential habitat for fish and other aquatic organisms. However, invasive species such as water chestnut are robbing water celery and other native plants of resources, making it difficult for them to survive. By maintaining long-term records of aquatic vegetation \u2013 including the location and condition of native beds \u2013 we can help managers better conserve native plants and target invasive species management efforts.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From local stream monitoring to sampling the entire length of the Hudson River, Cary freshwater research extends into international waters with programs like the Global Lakes Ecological Network (<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/gleon.org\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GLEON<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Co-founded by Cary ecosystem ecologist Kathleen Weathers, GLEON is a grassroots network of lake researchers, managers, and citizen scientists studying lakes around the world. <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nexsens.com\/products\/data-buoys\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Monitoring buoys<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on these lakes collect information on water quality, weather, and gas exchange between lakes and the atmosphere.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harmful algal blooms\u2014often composed of cyanobacteria\u2014in lakes are a key research focus. Lakes are turning green as excess nutrients from industrial and agricultural pollution flow into water bodies and fuel cyanobacteria growth. These blooms can become toxic \u2013 rendering freshwater undrinkable and unfit for recreation. Early warning of an impending bloom can help managers alert lake users to prevent human contact with toxic water.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weathers says, \u201cWe are developing methods to forecast cyanobacterial outbreaks using satellite imagery and drones, paired with long-term on-the-ground data collected in lakes throughout the northeast. The efficacy of these systems relies on long-term environmental monitoring, which makes it possible to identify patterns and determine conditions indicative of an impending bloom.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New York\u2019s Cary Institute has a long history of important environmental monitoring contributions, from pivotal acid rain research to long-term road salt monitoring.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":30796,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,32,6,8,49,510],"tags":[723,1128,586,60,217,1295,171,1293,224,500,1297,109,1110,1296,176,1294],"class_list":["post-30790","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured-articles","category-lakes-reservoirs","category-monitoring_tech-htm","category-newsfeed","category-rivers-streams","category-water-quality","tag-acid-rain","tag-cary-institute-of-ecosystem-studies","tag-cyanobacteria","tag-featured","tag-gleon","tag-hrecos","tag-hudson-river","tag-kellogg-biological-station","tag-michigan-state-university","tag-monitoring","tag-monitoring-buoys","tag-news-ticker","tag-obfs","tag-road-salt","tag-top-story","tag-wappinger-creek"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>From Acid Rain to Cyanobacteria, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies is a Leader in Environmental Monitoring<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"New York\u2019s Cary Institute has a long history of important environmental monitoring contributions, from pivotal acid rain research to long-term road salt monitoring.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/from-acid-rain-to-cyanobacteria-cary-institute-of-ecosystem-studies-is-a-leader-in-environmental-monitoring.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"From Acid Rain to Cyanobacteria, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies is a Leader in Environmental Monitoring\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"New York\u2019s Cary Institute has a long history of important environmental monitoring contributions, from pivotal acid rain research to long-term road salt monitoring.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/from-acid-rain-to-cyanobacteria-cary-institute-of-ecosystem-studies-is-a-leader-in-environmental-monitoring.htm\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Environmental Monitor\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-12-06T14:00:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-25T19:35:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/CARY_Kathie-Weathers-and-GLEON.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"3264\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"2448\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Lori Balster\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Lori Balster\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/from-acid-rain-to-cyanobacteria-cary-institute-of-ecosystem-studies-is-a-leader-in-environmental-monitoring.htm#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/from-acid-rain-to-cyanobacteria-cary-institute-of-ecosystem-studies-is-a-leader-in-environmental-monitoring.htm\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Lori Balster\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.fondriest.com\\\/news\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cc098253ffd6cd9f653771a15dbd57df\"},\"headline\":\"From Acid Rain to Cyanobacteria, Cary 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