{"id":31946,"date":"2019-08-14T09:36:32","date_gmt":"2019-08-14T13:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=31946"},"modified":"2021-10-30T11:16:57","modified_gmt":"2021-10-30T15:16:57","slug":"cornell-university-biological-field-station-at-shackelton-point","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/cornell-university-biological-field-station-at-shackelton-point.htm","title":{"rendered":"Cornell University Biological Field Station at Shackelton Point: Monitoring New York\u2019s Largest Interior Lake for Sixty Years"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lars Rudstam, Professor of Aquatic Science at Cornell and Director of the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cbfs.dnr.cornell.edu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cornell University Biological Field Station<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at Shackelton Point, says that he has long held an interest in lakes in general, so naturally the Great Lakes, the largest freshwater lake system in the world, have held a fascination for him for many years. He also works on Oneida Lake, the largest lake wholly inside New York. Oneida Lake waters, traveling from the Lake to the Oneida River, then to the Oswego River, ultimately flow into Lake Ontario. \u201cIn addition to lakes in general and the Great Lakes, I have been especially interested in the impressive data series that has been collected for Oneida Lake,\u201d Rudstam notes. \u201cOneida Lake data is some of the best data that has been collected for understanding species impacts and climate change effects.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Oneida Lake ecosystem has been the subject of extensive data gathering, some of it going back 60 years. Data has been collected on everything from water quality and nutrients to fish and the birds that eat them. \u201cWe are interested in the whole lake,\u201d says Rudstam. \u201cWe collect data on many aspects.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lake nutrient samples are collected weekly at Oneida Lake. A <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hydrolab.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrolab<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Datasonde unit is used to collect temperature, oxygen and pH information. Fluorometers are also used to collect information on algae. For those, German <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbe-moldaenke.de\/en\/products\/chlorophyll\/details\/fluoroprobe.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moldaenke fluoroprobes<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are used. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.onsetcomp.com\/products\/data-loggers-sensors\/temperature\/?f%5B0%5D=im_taxonomy_vocabulary_14%3A54\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">HOBO temperature loggers<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are also utilized in the field. The water quality data has been taken for 50 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_31952\" style=\"width: 462px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31952\" class=\" wp-image-31952\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_3-576x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Shackelton point\" width=\"452\" height=\"883\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-31952\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Intern Ria collecting water samples in Oneida Lake. (Photo credit: Michelle Holeck)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Data on fish have also been taken for 50 years. Data includes fish abundance, diet and growth rates. Parasites on fish are also monitored. \u201cWe see parasitic copepods showing up in fish gills,\u201d Rudstam mentions. \u201cInvasive species are constantly coming into the system.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some of the common fish include walleye, yellow perch, smallmouth bass and largemouth bass. \u201cWe are also seeing round goby, which eats the eggs of some of the other fish. On the other hand, some of those other fish prey on the goby, and the goby does eat zebra mussels, an invasive species we\u2019ve had for many years,\u201d Rudstam mentions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A large number of people fish on the public Lake, as many of its fish are tasty game fish, such as the walleye. \u201cThe current limit is three walleye a day,\u201d notes Rudstam. \u201cThe walleye population has increased in the past decade. About 50,000 walleye are harvested each year from the lake. We\u2019ve also been seeing some increase in cormorants, which are fish-eating birds.\u201d Sheepshead and carp also live in the Lake but are not typically taken as game.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While no plants are specifically being threatened in the Oneida Lake system, European milfoil and starry stonewort, a macroalga, are considered to be invasive and have been affecting the ecosystem.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_31949\" style=\"width: 444px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31949\" class=\" wp-image-31949\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_1-576x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Shackelton point\" width=\"434\" height=\"772\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_1-576x1024.jpg 576w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_1-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_1-768x1365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_1-864x1536.jpg 864w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_1.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-31949\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Intern Omisha water sampling in Erie Canal. (Photo credit: Michelle Holeck)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lake Oneida data shows differences in the Lake over time that indicate climate change. \u201cWe have seen an increase in temperature of about two degrees Celsius since the 1970s,\u201d Rudstam indicates. \u201cWe also have less ice cover duration in the Lake than we used to, about a month less than it used to be.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Oneida Lake\u2019s behavior is partly influenced by the fact that it is a shallow lake that doesn\u2019t stratify like the deeper lakes in the Great Lakes system. It is only 16 meters deep at most, averaging about only 7 meters deep. \u201cLake St. Clair is similar, it is shallow also and doesn\u2019t stratify,\u201d says Rudstam.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Ontario and Erie, researchers at the Field Station at Shackelton Point have been working with the EPA to monitor zooplankton, chlorophyll and bottom animals such as worms, insects, plants and mussels. Sampling is conducted in April and August, and sometimes at other times of the year as well. The EPA research vessel \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/great-lakes-monitoring\/lake-guardian\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Lake Guardian<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d is used for these studies. This research is in collaboration with Buffalo State and employs graduate students and several technicians to gather and process data. These data are used to look for trends over time and to create indices for the status of lake ecosystems.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cBlue-green algae is still a problem in the Great Lakes system, as it has been for many years,\u201d says Rudstam. \u201cBut we have seen some progress with persistent contaminants PCB and DDT. They have been slowly going down. The numbers have definitely become lower since the 1970s.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_31948\" style=\"width: 454px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31948\" class=\" wp-image-31948\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_-576x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Shackelton point\" width=\"444\" height=\"789\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_-576x1024.jpg 576w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_-169x300.jpg 169w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_-768x1365.jpg 768w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_-864x1536.jpg 864w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/08\/Shackelton_point_.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 444px) 100vw, 444px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-31948\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Visiting scientist Carol along with interns Omisha and Ria collecting sediment samples in Oneida Lake. (Photo credit: Michelle Holeck)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While he has had a great familiarity with Lake Oneida and the Great Lakes ecosystems over the years, Rudstam has still been surprised by some observations that have been made. \u201cI\u2019ve been surprised by some effects of zebra mussels, which invaded the lakes many years ago. The mussels have cleared the water, and that has had all sorts of effects for the ecosystem. They are still spreading across North America. In Oneida Lake, they have simply become part of the ecosystem. Instead of trying to eradicate them, I think people have come to realize that we will just have to learn to live with them,\u201d he says.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Oneida Lake data has made it possible to understand many aspects of the lake ecosystem better, and the work on the Great Lakes is used to determine what the future might hold for the largest freshwater system in the world.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe could not observe the changes we see without environmental monitoring and good data sets,\u201d Rudstam emphasizes. \u201cThey are critical to our understanding.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More on the Cornell University Biological Field Station at Shackelton Point, a member of the Organization of Biological Field Stations (OBFS) <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cbfs.dnr.cornell.edu\/about\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">here<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Shackelton Point data includes records on various lake aspects that go back 50 years or more, making lake trends emerge more clearly to researchers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":31951,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,5,32,8,510],"tags":[308,1885,157,1886,75,60,125,119,1884,1281,109,1110,1130],"class_list":["post-31946","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aquatic_species-htm","category-featured-articles","category-lakes-reservoirs","category-newsfeed","category-water-quality","tag-algae","tag-aquatic-science","tag-climate-change","tag-cornell-university-biological-field-station-at-shackelton-point","tag-epa","tag-featured","tag-great-lakes","tag-invasive-species","tag-lars-rudstam","tag-long-term-data","tag-news-ticker","tag-obfs","tag-oneida-lake"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - 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