{"id":32446,"date":"2020-07-22T13:21:17","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T17:21:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=32446"},"modified":"2020-07-22T13:21:17","modified_gmt":"2020-07-22T17:21:17","slug":"low-tech-low-cost-buoys-coming-to-maines-shellfish-farmers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/low-tech-low-cost-buoys-coming-to-maines-shellfish-farmers.htm","title":{"rendered":"Low Tech, Low Cost Buoys Coming to Maine\u2019s Shellfish Farmers"},"content":{"rendered":"

What might the Maine Aquaculture Innovation Center\u2019<\/a>s (MAIC) buoy offer that other governments and university monitoring equipment lack? The center doesn\u2019t have MicroCAT recorders or autonomous acoustic sensing gliders. It\u2019s not deploying hundred-thousand-dollar oceanographic mooring lines gathering massive amounts of data.<\/span><\/p>\n

So what can MAIC\u2019s three-foot prototype buoy offer that others can\u2019t? It\u2019s easy to clean and costs very little.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOne of the big issues for putting anything in the water is biofouling,\u201d said Josh Girgis, an engineer at MAIC based at the University of Maine\u2019s Darling Marine Center<\/a> (DMC). \u201cIf you put a sensor in, you can only expect it to work until something starts growing on it.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

For larger commercial operations, it can be tricky to clean all the bells and whistles that accompany larger equipment. That\u2019s why manufacturers use UV light to kill algae or pumps that cycle water through the system. But all of that requires power, a luxury that small, low-cost autonomous data buoys don\u2019t have. This is why Girgis and the team of researchers opted for a simpler solution – scrubbing a sponge on the buoy\u2019s sensors.<\/span><\/p>\n

Minimal maintenance is among the chief factors that Girgis and Chris Davis, who oversees the Maine Aquaculture Innovation Center, are prioritizing in the creation of their buoy. That\u2019s because their future customers won\u2019t be governments or research scientists – but Maine\u2019s oyster and seaweed farmers.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cOur center\u2019s goal is to develop low cost buoys with real-time data collection abilities,\u201d Davis said. \u201cOur target is to create and sell one for about $2,000.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

From Maine to Florida and from Texas to Washington State, aquaculture farming dots much of the coastal landscape surrounding the states. These shoreline farmers harvest an array of shellfish, including oysters, mussels, clams, and scallops.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"oyster

A standard oyster farm in Maine. It can take between one and three years for a farmer to grow a marketable product customers will purchase. This makes early decisions made by farmers in site selection very important. (Photo credit: Chris Davis)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

In Maine alone, shellfish farming is a $20 million industry. Some mom and pop farms might grow 50,000 oysters a year, while commercial operations will yield multiple millions during harvest. But like their landfarming cousins, aquaculture farmers rely on successful harvests to turn a profit. And a profitable season might not arrive until years after getting into the industry.<\/span><\/p>\nFor farmers targeting the right location and time to plant their oysters, it helps to rely on the data. <\/a><\/span>Share on X<\/a><\/span>\n

\u201cTo do that, you need to develop growth models using environmental controls that regulate how fast shellfish grow,\u201d Davis said. Of the myriad of variables to consider when farming, Davis, an aquaculture farmer himself, says that temperature, salinity (as measured by conductivity), and the amount of food are primary factors.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"oyster

The online interface farmers will eventually look at when analyzing data collected from buoys in their farms. (Photo credit: Maine Aquaculture Innovation Center)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cGetting that information is expensive and you need a year\u2019s worth of data to drive the growth model at the location you pick to farm,\u201d he added.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Much like how agriculture is driven by sunlight, water, and the nutrient makeup of the soil, aquaculture farming for oysters relies on water temperatures in the high 60\u2019s and low 70\u2019s range to regulate metabolism, an abundance of chlorophyll from phytoplankton and algae to filter feed on, and enough salinity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cCoupled with those three factors, you could plot them all on a time series chart and say \u2018okay, historical trends match this year or next year and allows the farmer to make decisions about what they can do and when,\u201d said Girgis.<\/span><\/p>\n

Even before marketable oysters are grown, it can take years to acquire a permit for an aquaculture farm. If the salinity is too low or temperatures are too high or low, farmers risk wasting years before ever turning a profit.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"oyster

Another oyster farm out of Maine. When farmers received their seeds, they\u2019re no bigger than a grain of sand. By the time oysters and mussels are fully grown, they\u2019ll have been moved to nets hanging down from buoys where they filter feed. (Photo credit: Chris Davis)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

However, the year-to-year variability of temperature, conductivity, and food doesn\u2019t change much. Measurements taken at one site will likely be reliable for decision making in the future. That means as long as farmers have the data, they know what to expect.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKnowing water temperatures for a site from year to year can help just in managing for the farmer,\u201d Davis said. \u201cWhen do you overwinter your crop? How do you control the density of your shellfish? Of the water temperature? There are ways to use the data to better manage the farm.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

The buoy that Davis and Girgis want to use would take measurements of all three parameters every quarter-hour, half-hour, or hour, depending on the farmer\u2019s preference, and wirelessly transmit it to a website or one\u2019s cell phone. The data would be communicated from a cellular modem.<\/span><\/p>\n

The makeup of the buoy prototypes is essentially a combination of circuit boards contained within the buoy\u2019s hull. Wires connect the circuit boards to probes that protrude from the bottom on an external plate.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"oyster

The sensor interface housed inside the Maine Aquaculture Innovation Center\u2019s low-cost buoy. (Photo credit: Maine Aquaculture Innovation Center)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cYou have to figure out how to make all that watertight as it\u2019s mostly circuit boards inside the hull,\u201d Girgis said.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In the first four prototypes, the team used a combination of commercial and custom-made parts to build the buoys, which helped keep the cost down. Temperature is measured by a precision thermistor built from a combination of the market and modifications from Girgis.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, in later renditions of the buoy, the team hopes to install modified fluorometers, in addition to the conductivity sensor that Girgis built. Future conductivity sensors will be built from readily available components.<\/span><\/p>\n

A working model ready for release is still months away as physically fitting modified sensors takes time. However, researchers at the Darling Marine Center envision a future where they could be leased to farmers on an annual basis and the data they collect available to the public.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Researchers from Maine\u2019s Aquaculture Innovation Center are building a buoy designed to aid oyster and seaweed farmers along the U.S.\u2019s northeastern coast.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":32448,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,79,6,8,44,510],"tags":[2192,91,68,2191,60,1281,2194,109,2193,1195,1196],"class_list":["post-32446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured-articles","category-monitoring-gear-2","category-monitoring_tech-htm","category-newsfeed","category-oceans-coasts","category-water-quality","tag-aquaculture","tag-buoy","tag-conductivity","tag-darling-marine-center","tag-featured","tag-long-term-data","tag-monitoring-buoy","tag-news-ticker","tag-oyster-farming","tag-oysters","tag-shellfish"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"\nLow Tech, 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