{"id":32662,"date":"2021-05-18T09:24:44","date_gmt":"2021-05-18T13:24:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=32662"},"modified":"2021-09-03T14:34:23","modified_gmt":"2021-09-03T18:34:23","slug":"national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices.htm","title":{"rendered":"National Park Dairies Curb Pollution with Best Practices"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The cold Pacific Ocean waters that surround Point Reyes National Seashore support an abundance of wildlife and make for stunning views.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They also generate the frequent fogs that water the grasslands that beef and dairy cows have grazed for more than 150 years. While it\u2019s unusual for 28,000 acres of a national park to be dedicated to agriculture as it is at Point Reyes, the relationship that\u2019s been in place since the park\u2019s designation by John F. Kennedy in 1962.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, research by National Park Service scientists shows improving water quality as best management practices for manure control were installed on the dairies and ranches within the park. Environmental advocates say that water quality is still much worse than it should be and that the park\u2019s long relationship with cattle should be at an end.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Best practices lead to less bacteria in water<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water quality monitoring from 2000-2013 showed a decline of nearly 90 percent in fecal indicator bacteria across three watersheds in the park. This happened during a time when dairy and ranching operations there implemented best management practices for water quality.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt\u2019s a big change,\u201d said Dylan Voeller, the range program manager at Point Reyes National Park. Some watersheds saw a decrease in fecal indicator bacteria of 98 percent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fecal indicator bacteria are a group of microorganisms that animals shed when they defecate. Some strains of <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">E. coli<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, perhaps the most famous of the group,<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usgs.gov\/special-topic\/water-science-school\/science\/bacteria-and-e-coli-water?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">can make humans sick<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when ingested.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cPathogens originating from agricultural lands are the main cause of stream impairments in the United States,\u201d the authors write in their study, which was<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1550742421000270\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">published in <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rangeland Ecology &amp; Management<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in this month.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The dairies, which can hold up to 200 animals per square kilometer, and ranches, which can graze up to 64 animals per square kilometer, introduced loafing barns, manure storage ponds, fencing and alternative water supplies to keep cattle from accessing streams. In all, the livestock operations implemented 30 best management practices across three watersheds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a fourth watershed, where there was only limited grazing and no best management practices implemented, fecal indicator bacteria trended slightly upward.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The findings match another<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/11\/19\/5516\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">previous study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of a watershed near the park that showed a similar decline in fecal indicator bacteria in watersheds with ranching operations after best management practices were implemented. Similar studies from around the world have shown declines as well.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_32713\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32713\" class=\"size-large wp-image-32713\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tomales_Point_Water_Sources-_Southwest_Section-_SW07b_-_September_1_2020_da0d9ccc-c31b-49c1-a60c-b9334ba37640-600x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tomales_Point_Water_Sources-_Southwest_Section-_SW07b_-_September_1_2020_da0d9ccc-c31b-49c1-a60c-b9334ba37640-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tomales_Point_Water_Sources-_Southwest_Section-_SW07b_-_September_1_2020_da0d9ccc-c31b-49c1-a60c-b9334ba37640-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tomales_Point_Water_Sources-_Southwest_Section-_SW07b_-_September_1_2020_da0d9ccc-c31b-49c1-a60c-b9334ba37640-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Tomales_Point_Water_Sources-_Southwest_Section-_SW07b_-_September_1_2020_da0d9ccc-c31b-49c1-a60c-b9334ba37640.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-32713\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">A long stretch of standing water edged by clumped grasses by Tomales Point . A eucalyptus tree stands in the distance. (NPS, Public Domain)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><b>Long term data reveals a trend; a gap draws outside scrutiny<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The strength of this evidence rests in the length of the park\u2019s record of water quality monitoring, though environmental advocates are raising concerns about a lack of monitoring since 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe\u2019re pretty unique in that regard, to have a number of watersheds where we have this much water quality data,\u201d Voeller said. \u201cIt\u2019s a really cool dataset and we\u2019re lucky to have it in a lot of ways.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The data won\u2019t be used in support of any regulation, though the study notes that the number of samples below the contact recreation threshold set by the San Francisco Bay Water Quality Board increased sixfold during the study period.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The data used in this study lacks the fine resolution of some others\u2014sampling was done close to monthly\u2014and some of the sampling stations were set in small seasonal drainages close to the developed ranch complexes likely to have bacterial contamination from nearby cattle. Still the trend is convincing.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIt\u2019s a one to two orders of magnitude reduction,\u201d Voeller said. \u201cIt\u2019s a huge difference.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWhat it\u2019s telling me is we\u2019re not seeing these big, big hits like they saw in the past in the park,\u201d Voeller said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The study also notes there could be complicating factors. Levels of fecal indicator bacteria could be impacted by soil and vegetation types, groundwater dynamics and resuspension from streambeds.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The biggest concern though, according to outside environmental advocates, is that the park hasn\u2019t monitored these areas since 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe were a bit surprised,\u201d Laura Cunningham, the California director of Western Watersheds Project, said of the gap in monitoring. Cunningham and Western Watersheds Project oppose ranching in the National Seashore on water quality and nature protection grounds. Modern ranching and dairying are not compatible with the spirit and ecological importance of the park, she said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cunningham, along with several other environmental advocates commissioned their own water quality test earlier this year. After one of the first rains of the season, they drew samples from streams in the park and found fecal coliform bacteria at 30 times certain recreational water quality standards. (It\u2019s unclear what standards would apply for certain waters within the park. Recreational standards were chosen to provide a reference point.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s proof that the best management practices aren\u2019t working during these rainstorm events, said Cunningham.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_32665\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-32665\" class=\"size-large wp-image-32665\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Point_Reyes_3-600x450.jpg\" alt=\"dairy pollution\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Point_Reyes_3-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Point_Reyes_3-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Point_Reyes_3-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Point_Reyes_3.jpg 940w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-32665\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #808080;\">Elk at Point Reyes National Park. (Credit: NPS\/Tim Bernot)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Voeller points out that the sampling was just a snapshot in time and the results can\u2019t be generalized. He also said the results were not unexpected, especially during a rain, given the data that ended in 2013.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/therevelator.org\/wasted-water-crappiest-places\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reporting by The Revelator<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> showed that Point Reyes was in the top ten percent of places most polluted by fecal indicator bacteria nationwide and, in certain years, had the highest reported<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> E. coli<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> level in California on one of its ranches.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Agriculture and national park: a long-term but tense relationship<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The fate of cattle in the park is a contentious subject.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWe\u2019re contemplating having the ranchers have twenty-year permits,\u201d Gunn said. \u201cUp till now they\u2019ve only had five or ten years.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Longer permits means more stability for the ranchers, which might encourage lenders to fund additional best management practices, Gunn said. A loafing barn could cost upwards of a million dollars, she said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Longer leases will just perpetuate the water quality problem, Cunningham said. Western Watersheds Project, along with others, opposes the new leasing plan. When proposed plans were open for public comment, the organization voiced support for a plan to phase out cattle over a 5-year period.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cOur ultimate goal is to remove the cattle,\u201d Cunningham said. \u201cThis could be the Yellowstone of the Pacific.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The park recently asked that this decision be delayed for 60 days, citing the change of administration and the high-profile nature of the issue.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Point Reyes National Seashore is unique among national parks: it hosts dairies and ranches. Best management practices are improving water quality.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":32666,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,8,44,510],"tags":[502,12,812,2278,891,1281,500,401,2277,2250,2276,2279,503],"class_list":["post-32662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured-articles","category-newsfeed","category-oceans-coasts","category-water-quality","tag-agriculture","tag-bacteria","tag-best-management-practices","tag-cattle","tag-e-coli","tag-long-term-data","tag-monitoring","tag-national-park-service","tag-pacific-ocean","tag-pathogens","tag-point-reyes-national-seashore","tag-sustainable-practices","tag-water-quality"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>National Park Dairies Curb Pollution with Best Practices<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Point Reyes National Seashore is unique among national parks: it hosts dairies and ranches. 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Best management practices are improving water quality.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices.htm","og_site_name":"Environmental Monitor","article_published_time":"2021-05-18T13:24:44+00:00","article_modified_time":"2021-09-03T18:34:23+00:00","og_image":[{"width":640,"height":428,"url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Point_Reyes_1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Andrew Blok","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Andrew Blok","Est. reading time":"6 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices.htm#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices.htm"},"author":{"name":"Andrew Blok","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/3ee787b85b8d2a225eff41c21ebc5406"},"headline":"National Park Dairies Curb Pollution with Best Practices","datePublished":"2021-05-18T13:24:44+00:00","dateModified":"2021-09-03T18:34:23+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices.htm"},"wordCount":1087,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices.htm#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Point_Reyes_1.jpg","keywords":["agriculture","bacteria","best management practices","cattle","e-coli","long-term data","monitoring","National Park Service","Pacific Ocean","pathogens","Point Reyes National Seashore","sustainable practices","water quality"],"articleSection":["Featured Articles","Newsfeed","Oceans &amp; Coasts","Water Quality"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices.htm#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices.htm","url":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices.htm","name":"National Park Dairies Curb Pollution with Best Practices","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices.htm#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/national-park-dairies-curb-pollution-with-best-practices.htm#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/news.fondriest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Point_Reyes_1.jpg","datePublished":"2021-05-18T13:24:44+00:00","dateModified":"2021-09-03T18:34:23+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/#\/schema\/person\/3ee787b85b8d2a225eff41c21ebc5406"},"description":"Point Reyes National Seashore is unique among national parks: it hosts dairies and ranches. 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