{"id":39849,"date":"2025-07-14T08:00:20","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T12:00:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/?p=39849"},"modified":"2025-10-06T16:09:04","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T20:09:04","slug":"pushing-lake-science-upstream-agriculture-and-algal-blooms-at-lake-erie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fondriest.com\/news\/pushing-lake-science-upstream-agriculture-and-algal-blooms-at-lake-erie.htm","title":{"rendered":"Pushing Lake Science Upstream: Agriculture and Algal Blooms at Lake Erie"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lake Erie is the <\/span>shallowest, most productive, and most southern<\/span><\/a> of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Each summer, it suffers an algal bloom so large it can be <\/span>seen from space<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Since the 1960s, excess phosphorus\u2014about <\/span>85%<\/span><\/a> from agriculture\u2014has fueled harmful algal blooms (HABs) typically between <\/span>July and October<\/span><\/a>. These blooms are a known liver toxin and threaten drinking water for over <\/span>11 million people<\/span><\/a>. In 2014, one bloom caused an estimated<\/span> $43 million<\/span><\/a> loss in tourism and recreation.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ed Verhamme, President of Freeboard Technology (a LimnoTech subsidiary), leads a project managed by the Alliance for the Great Lakes and funded by the Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) and the Erb Family Foundation<\/p>\n

Verhamme explains, \u201cThe project is deploying hundreds of sensors way up in the watershed in agricultural ditches and streams\u2013the headwaters. That’s where this problem starts, and it’s the accumulation of all of these agricultural practices that ends up contributing to a large load of excess phosphorus and nitrogen to Western Lake Erie, which causes the algal bloom.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"One

One type of station setup, showing a radar water level sensor, weather station, water sampler, nutrient analyzer, and sondes for temperature, turbidity, conductivity, soil moisture, and rainfall. (Credit: LimnoTech\/Freeboard Technology)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Environmental Monitoring of Lake Erie<\/span><\/h3>\n

The State of Michigan has historically partnered with the USGS to maintain five manual monitoring sites across key watersheds.<\/span><\/p>\n

This showed clear issues with high phosphorus runoff from agricultural land, but as Verhamme explains, \u201cWe weren\u2019t quite able to connect the water that runs off the field, that goes in community ditches that farmers share to help get water off the landscape.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Better data was essential, but scaling the existing system was difficult. Instead, Verhamme says, “This project really took a step back, and selected different technology than [what] the USGS might use.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Technology has enabled a new possibility\u2013a network of strategically located environmental sensors that provide real-time data on environmental characteristics.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Verhamme says, \u201cThe goal is to have live data streams of the stream quality, and feed that real-time data to farmers and to state managers.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Project

Project map showing the location of measurement stations. The project spans 50 sites, spread across five priority sub-watersheds. (Credit: LimnoTech\/Freeboard Technology)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

A New Way to Monitor the Environment<\/span><\/h3>\n

The five-year project began in June 2024, with Verhamme\u2019s team working across four counties to install 50 monitoring sites on public rights of way.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cThere\u2019s five priority sub-watersheds, and we have 10 stations within each priority watershed.\u201d explains Verhamme. At all 50 sites, water level is measured using sensors like the VEGAPULS C 23 Radar Water Level Sensor<\/a>, alongside temperature, using a sensor similar to NexSens T-Node FR Thermistor String<\/a>, turbidity, using a similar sensor as the NexSens NX260 Turbidity Sensor<\/a>, and conductivity.<\/p>\n

At a subset\u201310 of the 50\u2013rainfall is measured using a tipping bucket similar to the <\/span>YSI H-3401<\/span><\/a>, soil moisture using a sensor like the <\/span>Stevens HydraProbe Soil Moisture Sensors<\/span><\/a>, in addition to general weather conditions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

These 10 enhanced sites include autonomous water samplers\u2014remotely triggered to reduce field visits\u2014and online nutrient analyzers that measure dissolved reactive phosphorus every two hours. Five sites measure water velocity using Geolux Non-Contact Flow Sensors.<\/p>\n

These 10 enhanced sites include autonomous water samplers\u2014remotely triggered to reduce field visits\u2014and online nutrient analyzers that measure dissolved reactive phosphorus every two hours. Five sites measure water velocity using equipment similar to the <\/span>Geolux Non-Contact Flow Sensors<\/span><\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Each site represents data for several square miles, and the sensor density allows the team to track how water moves through the watershed and affects downstream stations.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Working

Working in the field remains an important part of the project\u2013after rainfall events, the team goes into the field to collect manual samples. (Credit: LimnoTech\/Freeboard Technology)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Deploying a Watershed Sensor Network<\/span><\/h3>\n

Installation faced challenges, especially the \u201cscale and speed\u201d of deployment. Sites were chosen during an \u201cepic drought,\u201d based on where water was expected in wetter periods. Each took about an hour to install, with locations adjusted over the past year after rainfall.<\/span><\/p>\n

Verhamme recalls, \u201cWe were all glued to our computer screens this spring. As every rain event would come through, we’d see 50 stations light up with water level rising fast. We have soil moisture sensors, you could see all that water hitting the landscape and start to make its way down the drainage networks.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Working in this environment is also new for the team. \u201cThere’s lots of challenges with monitoring rural ditches and streams, lots of debris, extremely high turbidites,\u201d he notes. \u201cWe get turbidity near 1200 to 1400 [NTU]\u2013most people would call that off the charts.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Monitoring

Monitoring rural ditches and streams is challenging, with lots of debris and very high turbidity. (Credit: LimnoTech\/Freeboard Technology)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

The Benefits of Better Data in the Lake Erie Region<\/span><\/h3>\n

Sensor data has multiple uses. Verhamme uses an IoT dashboard and archives data on an Amazon server, making processing straightforward and cost-effective.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

It\u2019s shared with the state to better understand what drives the Lake Erie system. While managing phosphorus load is a key goal, the data also helps improve farming practices.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAdding phosphorus costs money,\u201d Verhamme notes, so when it ends up in runoff instead of staying in the fields, it\u2019s not just an environmental problem\u2014it\u2019s a financial one too.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

High runoff readings may prompt farmers to try alternatives like two-stage ditches, crop rotation, or cover crops. Sensors also track how effective these interventions are.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some data\u2013like rainfall, water level and soil moisture\u2013is also shared with farmers. \u201cThose are three simple parameters that I know farmers would use regardless of the impact of nutrients on Lake Erie,\u201d says Verhamme.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cFarmers could check their a station that’s maybe a mile from their field, as opposed to the nearest airport, which might only report once a day, or agricultural stations that are maybe dozens or hundreds of miles away,\u201d he adds.<\/span><\/p>\n

Other metrics like turbidity, conductivity, and phosphorus levels offer further insights. Verhamme\u2019s team works with expert advisers to guide farmers on drainage and water management.<\/span><\/p>\n

For example, turbidity data after rain can show which areas are prone to erosion and runoff, helping farmers target solutions like planting sacrificial grasses or soil-holding crops.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Installation

Installation of sensors happened extremely quickly, and the team often installed entire stations within an hour. Sites were chosen during an \u201cepic drought\u201d, and some have been adjusted since initial installation to account for actual water locations. (Credit: LimnoTech\/Freeboard Technology)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

An Evolving Approach<\/span><\/h3>\n

This pioneering project offers a forward-looking way of understanding watersheds, and Verhamme emphasises that the approach is evolving.<\/span><\/p>\n

For example, the most expensive part of the project is trips into the field to collect samples. \u201cHow does traditional sampling\u2013which usually involves a person collecting a water sample\u2013blend with technology?\u201d he muses.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

For Verhamme, this project \u201cpushes the limits of why we need so many sensors\u201d and shows how \u201cmodern sensors can be a lot more efficient, cheaper, and easier to distribute across a larger area.\u201d But for now, it remains an uncommon approach.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Cognizant of its possible replicability after refinement, the team aims to make recommendations by identifying things like what data streams are most useful, how often water samples need to be collected, and how often feedback is given.<\/span><\/p>\n

Environmental Impact<\/span><\/h3>\n

Verhamme says, \u201cI think this project is really pushing our lake science all the way upstream, right into the neighborhoods where these farmers are working, having discussions about stream water quality, showing data when it’s relevant, but also talking about the difference that farmers can make.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

With four years left and a <\/span>projected 66 million data points<\/span><\/a> generated during the project lifespan, this pioneering project hopes to unlock the impact of technology, bringing together officials, lake scientists, agricultural scientists, and farmers to work towards a common goal.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Data

Data from a wet weather event on 16 March 2025, showing water samples, water depth and turbidity. (Credit: LimnoTech\/Freeboard Technology)<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lake Erie is the shallowest, most productive, and most southern of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Each summer, it suffers an algal bloom so large it can be seen from space. Since the 1960s, excess phosphorus\u2014about 85% from agriculture\u2014has fueled harmful algal blooms (HABs) typically between July and October. These blooms are a known liver toxin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":55,"featured_media":39851,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,32,7,8,49,510],"tags":[308,125,181,346,500,62,103,2637,136,156,825,1278,2174,503],"class_list":["post-39849","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-featured-articles","category-lakes-reservoirs","category-news","category-newsfeed","category-rivers-streams","category-water-quality","tag-algae","tag-great-lakes","tag-lake-erie","tag-lakes-reservoirs","tag-monitoring","tag-monitoring-gear","tag-news-2","tag-nutriq","tag-pollution","tag-rain","tag-run-off","tag-runoff","tag-stormwater-runoff","tag-water-quality"],"remote_post_permalink":false,"remote_post_featured_image":false,"yoast_head":"\nPushing Lake Science Upstream: Agriculture and Algal Blooms at Lake Erie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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